Argument Essay Topics Secrets That No One Else Knows About

Argument Essay Topics Secrets That No One Else Knows About The Ideal Strategy to 50 Argument Essay Topics Inspiration to make your own advertising or media argumentative essay topics isn't difficult to discover. Your readers will need to observe the entire picture, and that's what you should concentrate on. Therefore, for your coursework, you're want to have the very best ideas. Our crew of professional writers with the required experience and writing skills is always prepared to fulfill your demands and exceed your expectations. The writer can offer examples, facts, and evidence to show their points. It is crucial to begin with demonstrating the principal idea of the entire piece so you and your readers are going to be on the identical page. Understanding how to compose a strong argumentative paper will help you advance your very own argumentative thinking. In your essay, you wish to consider about the way the opposition would react to your claims and respond to them. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. An argumentative essay is a certain kind of academic writing. It requires you to decide on a topic and take a position on it. A superior argumentative essay is going to be based on established or new research in place of only on your ideas and feelings. By way of example, in college, you might be requested to compose a paper from the opposing standpoint. A complete topic for a synthesis paper is one which encourages you to have a stance on a debatable iss ue. It's not unusual that lots of students don't understand how to construct their lines of argumentation since they need good argumentative essay topics first. What to Expect From 50 Argument Essay Topics? You don't need to acquire super technical with legal argumentative essays, but make sure to do your homework on what the recent laws about your favorite topic actually say. Since you may see, the process is everywhere the same. No matter what kind of essay you write you must be mindful of the subject and to gain that knowledge you must research well. Share your own personal experience because there is not any greater method of connecting with a reader. The reader ought to be impressed by how you defend your ideas. In choosing your topic, it's frequently a good idea to start out with a subject which you already have some familiarity with. The introduction should offer general information which will be included in the write-up. When you must select from the wide variety of argumentative essay topics, attempt to locate the issue that's relevant thinking about the present circumstance. You've got freedom to select your own topic now! Questions are a standard method of getting interest, together with evocative language or a strong statistic Don't assume your audience is already knowledgeable about your topic. The student should investigate a topic, evaluate evidence, collect, generate, and set a standpoint on the subject in a powerful and concise way. The History of 50 Argument Essay Topics Refuted It's not sufficient to settle on a topic which everybody agrees on. Therefore, the topic ought to be debatable! It must be interesting, the topic must be essential and finally the topic must be informative. Quite frequently, the very best topic is one which you truly care about, but you also will need to get ready to research it.

Capital Punishment The Death Penalty - 988 Words

Capital punishment which furthermore identifies as the death penalty, execution has been a hot topic in the public eye for a while. The question on lots of minds is whether it is acceptable for the state to terminate one’s life for the crime they have committed. A significant issue that we will address is that the justice system over time formulates mistakes. Whether it’s processing the evidence improperly or missing an enormous piece of the puzzle, making mistakes can happen. If the justice system executed an innocent there is no way for it to redeem itself. There is no way for a person to be brought back to life. As I began to research further into this issue, I became aware that plenty of people agree with the idea of capital punishment being endorsed; however, I believe asking this question will be the key to finally finding closure to this issue. Why is it essential to find closure? Why does our justice system to seek capital punishment? When does the system realize if one should receive the death penalty? How will they be sure that all the evidence is there? Is capital punishment ethical? Are there different types of executions methods? Does this punishment violate the U.S Constitution? Executing an innocent; what happens then? Addressing these questions will guide the public to thoroughly understand this punishment. Similar to what I briefly mentioned earlier, mistakes often happen in our justice system. With that being assumed, when executing a person for the crimesShow MoreRelatedCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty1482 Words   |  6 PagesMrs. McElmoyl 12/12/14 Capital Punishment As stated by former governor of New York, Mario M. Cuomo, Always I have concluded the death penalty is wrong because it lowers us all; it is a surrender to the worst that is in us; it uses a power- the official power to kill by execution- that has never brought back a life, need inspired anything but hate. (Cuomo 1) This is one of the main arguments against capital punishment (also known as the death sentence.) Capital punishment is the ability for a governmentRead MoreThe Death Penalty And Capital Punishment931 Words   |  4 Pageswritten down (Robert). The death penalty was applied for a particularly wide range of crimes. The Romans also used death penalty for a wide range of offenses. Historically, the death sentence was often handled with torture, and executions, except that it was done in public. In this century, the death penalty, execution or capital punishment, whatever you’d like to refer it as, is the result for committing capital crimes or capital offences and it is not in public. The death penalty has been practiced byRead MoreCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty1410 Words   |  6 PagesCapital Punishment in America In 1976 the Supreme Court of the United States of America ruled the Death Penalty constitutionally permissible. The debate over capital punishment has always been a topic of great controversy. Before the Supreme Court ruling in 1976 America had been practicing capital punishment for centuries. At the current time some states enforce the death penalty, while some do not. There are differences of opinion’s relating to whether or not the death penalty is the proper wayRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty991 Words   |  4 PagesCapital Punishment Imagine your having a normal morning, eating breakfast doing your normal routine. Suddenly your phone rings and when you answer you hear the worst news possible. One of your family members has just been murdered in cold blood. You cry, mourn, then become angry. You attend the court hearing and you sit less than 20 feet away from the murderer. Do you truly believe this person deserves to live? Or should they face a punishment that is equal to their crime? Some may say CapitalRead MoreThe Death Penalty And Capital Punishment1569 Words   |  7 Pagesthe death penalty also referred to as capital punishment. The death penalty is both useless and harmful to not only criminals but also their potential victims. This paper uses these horrific facts to try and convince the reader that the death penalty should be done away with before it is too late, although that time may have already come. With supporting evidence to support my cause, I hope that the following information sways at least one reader to see the harm of keeping the death penalty an activeRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1235 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is capital punishment? Why do people support it, but yet people cherish lives? Is it a moral thing to do? Should one be for or against the Death Penalty? Let’s take a look deep into the world of justices and why capital punishment still exists in today’s society. Capital punishment or the death penalty is a feder al punishment given to criminals who are convicted of murders. It is the highest law punishment available that can prevent future murders by developing fear within them. Capital punishmentRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1017 Words   |  5 PagesName: Lucas Falley Topic: Capital Punishment Background: Capital punishment, or the death penalty, has existed for thousands of years. For as long as there has been organized society, the death penalty has existed in numerous cultures and civilizations. Throughout the years the methods have changed, but the use of capital punishment is becoming a pressing matter. Amnesty International reports that there are 140 countries worldwide that have abolished the death penalty, while over 50 countries stillRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is A Capital Punishment1271 Words   |  6 Pages What is the death penalty? The death penalty is a capital punishment that is punishable by death or execution. This is usually given to people that have committed serious offences or capital crimes. There are 31 states in the United States that are for the death penalty. Crimes that are punishable by the death penalty, vary from state to state. Examples of such crimes are; first degree murder or premeditated murder, murder with special circumstances, such as: intende d, multiple, and murder whichRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1539 Words   |  7 PagesCapital punishment, otherwise known as the death penalty, has been the center of debate for a long time. Capital punishment may be defined as the â€Å"[e]xecution of an offender sentenced to death after conviction by a court of law of a criminal offense† (Capital Punishment). Up until 1846, when Michigan became the first to abolish the death sentence, all states allowed legal practice of capital punishment by the government (States). Currently, there 32 states still supporting the death penalty and 18Read MoreThe Death Penalty Of Capital Punishment1480 Words   |  6 Pagesjustice system, such as the death penalty. Capital punishment has been used many times in history all around the world, and it was quite popular. Many people argue that capital punishment is useful in deterring crime and that it is only fair that criminals receive death as punishment for a heinous crim e. On the contrary, others see the death penalty as a violation of the 8th amendment. It restricts excessive fines, and it also does not allow cruel and unusual punishment to be inflicted upon criminals

Stress free essay sample

A discussion on the way in which stress is a psychological and physical response to the demands of daily life that exceed a persons ability to cope successfully. The following paper examines how a mild level of stress and tension can from time to time be beneficial. The writer discusses how different levels of stress can be beneficial such as feeling mildly stressed when carrying out a project or assignment which often induces us to do a good job and to work energetically. This paper examines how stress is often characterized by fatigue, sleep disorders, irritability, continuous worrying and depression. The way in which accumulated effects of stress may lead to more serious medical problems is also examined. Finally, the way in which stress may be work-related or may stem from personal problems, such as divorce, family conflicts or financial concerns or from a combination of these factors id discussed. We will write a custom essay sample on Stress or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Too much stress is not good and constant stress often causes adverse effects. Most individuals are familiar with the adrenaline rush response to an emergency. The heart pulsates, the muscles contract, and the lungs expand; and while this is happening, we are able to use greater than normal strength and speed. This response is the bodys way of rescuing itself when confronted with an emergency. We do not have to think about it to make it happen. Whether we are stuck in traffic, about to give a speech in front of a group, or sitting in the waiting room at a doctors office, the human stress response happens automatically. The difference between the two is that the adrenaline response in an emergency starts and resolves itself quickly. The response to being stuck in traffic may not. The adrenal glands, located above the kidneys, secrete the emergency passes. Then the body returns to its normal function. However, the stress response is more complex and can last longer.

Alcoholism Disease or Choice Essay Example

Alcoholism: Disease or Choice? Paper Alcoholism: Disease or Choice? Danielle M Ellis WVNCC Abstract Webster’s New World Dictionary defines alcoholism as a chronic condition which is mainly characterized by excessive and compulsive consumption of and dependence on alcohol as well as nutritional and mental disorders. This definition depicts alcoholism as a disease that is beyond one’s control. It has however been argued in some circles that alcoholism is a choice and the idea of alcoholism as a disease is a myth. Since it is an individual choice to take alcohol, alcoholism is a consequence of free will. Both sides of the debate are discussed in this paper and it is my conclusion that there is strong evidence that suggests that alcoholism is a disease that needs treatment. Alcoholism is a choice Fingarette (1988) discredits the notion that alcoholism is a disease. He explains that alcoholism begins with a choice to drink alcohol which subsequently leads to uncontrollable consumption. In his book, the author explains that heavy drinking or alcoholism is a lifestyle. Advertisements on the media depict alcoholism as an attractive way of life, meaning those who choose to indulge in alcohol are simply making a choice. Alcoholism is defined as a disease in order to excuse some errant behaviors. It is contended that alcoholics can indeed control their consumption of alcohol. The author emphasizes that in most alcoholism treatment facilities, it is a requirement for one to stay sober for a while before being admitted. According to him this means that an alcoholic is able to control his or her drinking. Fingarette (1988) also argues that there are many symptoms of alcoholism to qualify it as a disease on its own. Some have also argued that relapse of recovering alcoholics illustrates that alcoholism is a choice. We will write a custom essay sample on Alcoholism: Disease or Choice? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Alcoholism: Disease or Choice? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Alcoholism: Disease or Choice? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This is because some of the alcoholics who undergo rehabilitation choose to go back to their drinking habits. This has been compared in the same way that some people choose to take heroin or cocaine and later become addicted (Schaler 1991). Critics of the notion of alcoholism as a disease have argued that treating alcoholism as a disease is equivalent to comparing it to a disease like cancer. It is argued that while in the case of cancer one cannot prevent or control the cancer, one can prevent and control alcoholism. This is because one cannot become an alcoholic if they do not take alcohol in the first place. Some addicts have also claimed that they could stop taking alcohol if they wanted to. Therefore, it has been asserted that alcoholism is a volitional act. Baldwin Research Institute (2003) asserts that the average person, who is diagnosed with a drug related addiction, will on their own stop the addiction 20 to 30% of the time. This means that the loss of control concept does not apply. According to critics alcoholics who believe that alcoholism is a disease have lesser chances of achieving sobriety, due to the idea that they have no control. Mello and Mendelson (1972) conducted a study where a group of people were given unlimited access to a huge amount of alcohol. It was observed that none of the people tried to drink all the alcohol at once. This was to show that they could actually control the amount of alcohol they consumed. In this study it was concluded that the notion that once consumption of alcohol begins it proceeds independently and cannot be controlled, is incorrect and misinformed. It was also concluded that alcoholism is a psychological as opposed to a physiological uncontrollable force. This is because the manner in which alcoholics take alcohol is related to their beliefs about drinking. Most alcoholics think that alcohol will solve their problems, thus many are heard saying that they are ‘drowning’ their sorrows with alcohol. Psychotherapeutic thoughts have also confirmed that most alcoholics have underlying problems that they try to forget or avoid by overindulging in alcohol. This therefore means that alcoholism is a choice. It has also been argued that alcoholism is a choice and not a disease ecause there are laws against drunken driving and other drug related offences. This means that there is no way one could be arrested for an illness, thus disqualifying alcoholism as a disease. The law puts in place sanctions against alcoholism in order to control behavior that is caused by the wrong choice, not because of a disease. Schaler (1991) contends that one should argue that alcoholics need support and education about the effects of alcoholism and how to curb the habit. It is suggested that the notion of treatment for alcoholism is misinformed. Alcoholism is a Disease The concept of alcoholism as a disease originated in the 19th century with Dr. Benjamin Rush. This doctor advanced radical ideas claiming that those who overindulged in alcohol had a disease. However he was mostly discredited because of his assertions that being black and political dissentions were also to be regarded as diseases. Before 1891 the word alcoholic had not been used to refer to a person who took alcohol uncontrollably. Drunkenness was however not acceptable in this era. Since the 19th century it has been widely accepted that alcoholism is a disease and it requires compassion and treatment just like any other disease. Room (1983) stipulates that in 1951, the World Health Organization identified alcoholism as a disease and this was also done in 1956 by the American Medical Association. Sociologists have advanced various theories on why alcoholism should be treated as a sickness. Room (1983) suggested that there should be five criteria to determine what should be considered as a disease. It is stated that describing a set of facts as a disease requires that the facts have enough in common to be classified as a single entity and that the facts together should be referred to as a condition and not an event. It is also stipulated that for a set of facts to be labeled as a disease they ought to characterize departure from normal behavior, they should also be located in an individual and they should not occur out of the free will of that individual. Following this criteria, it would be logical to conclude that alcoholism is a disease. This is because it meets these criteria. It has been stated by proponents of the notion of alcoholism as a sickness, that the main factor to determine whether alcoholism is a sickness or not, is the issue of loss of control. Alcoholism’s main symptom is the loss of control. An alcoholic cannot control the amount of alcohol he or she consumes. This is also a major characteristic of any disease. This is because a sick person has no control over his or her disease. Alcoholic employees are also protected under the Americans with Disabilities Act and the Rehabilitation Act. These pieces of legislation consider alcoholism a disability. This also shows that the law recognizes alcoholism as being beyond the alcoholic’s control and thus a disease. In some legal circles genetic predisposition to alcoholism has also been regarded as a defense. Alcoholism should be viewed as a disease because it leads to deterioration of health and even death. The US Department of Health and Human Services (2000) reported that by the year 2000 there were 20,687 deaths related to alcohol. Because of being perceived as a disease, there are pharmacological treatments that have been devised for dealing with alcoholism. Drugs that affect the cortic-mesolimbic dopamine system have been suggested to modify drinking behavior. Medical practitioners suggest that there are subtypes of alcoholism and each has its own treatment. It is stipulated that alcoholism can be divided into the early-onset type, which is chronic and associated with genetic predisposition and a late-onset type, which is characterised by psychological disorders. This shows that just like any other disease, alcoholism is progressive; it has early and late stages. Alcoholism can also be described as an illness due to the treatment sought in rehabilitation facilities and in Alcoholics Anonymous groups. In rehabilitation facilities those who suffer from alcoholism undergo a great amount of pain when they withdraw from the alcohol. The withdrawal symptoms are characterised by vomiting, headaches and severe symptoms include seizures. These recovery symptoms are also experienced in other diseases like cancer, where chemotherapy treatment is rigorous and excruciatingly painful. Conclusion Alcoholism is an issue that continues to draw both moralistic and sympathetic debates. Alcoholics form part of the society and it is important to address their plight because failure to do this could lead to a serious problem in future. It has been noted that alcohol is introduced to young children as early as the age of thirteen years and by the time these children become adults, they are already addicted. The solution is however not to point judging fingers towards the alcoholics. The solution lies in acknowledging the problem as a disease, so as to encourage those suffering from it to seek treatment. Taking alcohol for the first time is a choice that an individual makes, but addiction to alcohol is not a choice. It is a disease that sees the victim lose control of his alcohol consumption as well as his or her life. Many alcoholics do not recognize their problem in the beginning and for a long time they remain in denial. This is also witnessed when some people are given a diagnosis of a terminal illness; most go into denial before eventually coming into terms with the disease. Relapsing of alcoholics can also not be used to depict that alcoholism is a choice. This can also be said to be a characteristic that alcoholism is an infirmity. This is because many chronic diseases especially cancer, see patients relapse. It is not any different for alcoholics. It can therefore be surmised that alcoholism is a disease that needs to be seriously addressed before many more lives are lost due to alcohol-related problems. References Baldwin Research Institute (2003). Alcoholism: A Disease of Speculation. Retrieved from http://www. baldwinresearch. com/alcoholism. cfm. Fingarette, H. (1988). Heavy Drinking: The Myth of Alcoholism as a Disease. Berkely: University of California Press. Mello, N. K. Mendelson, J. H. (1972). Drinking Patterns during Work-contingent and Non-contingent Alcohol Acquisition. Psychosomatic Medicine, 34, 139-164. Room, R. (1983). Sociological Aspects of the Disease Concept of Alcoholism. Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems, 7, 47-91. Schaler, J. A. (1991). Drugs and Free Will. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law Society, 28(6), 42-49. US Department of Health and Human Services (2000). 10th Special Report to the US Congress on Alcohol and Health.

A Quick Biography of Founding Father Thomas Jefferson

A Quick Biography of Founding Father Thomas Jefferson Jefferson grew up in Virginia and was raised with the orphaned children of his fathers friend, William Randolph. He was educated from ages 9-14 by a clergyman named William Douglas from whom he learned Greek, Latin, and French. He then attended Reverend James Maurys School before attending the College of William and Mary. He studied law with George Wythe, the first American law professor. He was admitted to the bar in 1767. Family Ties: Jefferson was the son of  Colonel Peter Jefferson, a planter and public official, and Jane Randolph. His father died when Thomas was 14.  Together they had six sisters and one brother. On  January 1, 1772 he married  Martha Wayles Skelton. However, she  died after ten years of marriage.  Together they had two daughters: Martha Patsy and Mary Polly. There is also speculation about the progeny of several children by the slave Sally Hemings. Early Career: Jefferson served in the House of Burgesses (1769-74). He argued against Britains actions and was part of the Committee of Correspondence. He was a member of the Continental Congress (1775-6) and then became a member of the Virginia House of Delegates (1776-9). He was the Governor of Va. during part of the Revolutionary War (1779-81).  He was sent to France as a minister after the war (1785-89). Events Leading to the Presidency: President Washington appointed Jefferson to be the first Secretary of State. He clashed with Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury, on how the US should deal with France and Britain. Hamilton also desired a stronger federal government than Jefferson. Jefferson eventually resigned because he saw that Washington was more strongly influenced by Hamilton than him. Jefferson later served as Vice President under John Adams from 1797-1801. Nomination and Election of 1800: In 1800, Jefferson was the Republican candidate with Aaron Burr as his Vice President. He ran in a very contentious campaign against John Adams under whom he had served as Vice President. The Federalists used the Alien and Sedition Acts to their benefit. These had been vigorously opposed by Jefferson and Madison who had argued they were unconstitutional (Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions). Jefferson and Burr tied in the electoral vote which set up an electoral controversy described below. Electoral Controversy: Even though it was known that Jefferson was running for President and Burr for Vice President, in the election of 1800, whoever received the most votes would be elected as president. There was no provision that made it clear who was running for which office. Burr refused to concede, and the vote went to the House of Representatives. Each state cast one vote; it took 36 ballots to decide. Jefferson won carrying 10 out of 14 states. This led directly to the passage of the 12th Amendment which corrected this problem. Reelection - 1804: Jefferson was renominated by caucus in 1804 with George Clinton as his Vice President. He ran against Charles Pinckney from South Carolina. During the campaign, Jefferson easily won. The federalists were divided with radical elements leading to the partys downfall. Jefferson received 162 electoral votes vs. Pinckneys 14. Events and Accomplishments of Thomas Jeffersons Presidency: The uneventful transfer of power between Federalist John Adams and Republican Thomas Jefferson was a significant event in American History. Jefferson spent time dealing with the federalist agenda with which he did not agree. He allowed the Alien and Sedition Acts to end without renewal. He had the tax on liquor that caused the Whiskey Rebellion repealed. This reduced government revenue leading Jefferson to cut costs by reducing the military, relying instead on state militias. An important early event during Jeffersons administration was the court case, Marbury v. Madison, which set up the Supreme Courts power to rule federal acts unconstitutional. America engaged in a war with the Barbary States during his time in office (1801-05). The US had been paying tribute to pirates from this area to stop attacks on American ships. When the pirates asked for more money, Jefferson refused leading Tripoli to declare war. This ended in success for the US who was no longer required to pay tribute to Tripoli. However, America did continue to pay to the rest of the Barbary States. In 1803, Jefferson purchased the Louisiana territory from France for $15 million. This is considered the most important act of his administration. He sent Lewis and Clark on their famous expedition to explore the new territory. In 1807, Jefferson ended the foreign slave trade beginning January 1, 1808. He also established the precedent of Executive Privilege as explained above. At the end of his second term, France and Britain were at war, and American trade ships were often targeted. When the British boarded the American frigate, Chesapeake, they forced (impressed) three soldiers to work on their vessel and killed one for treason. Jefferson signed the Embargo Act of 1807 in response. This stopped America from exporting and importing foreign goods. Jefferson thought this would have the effect of hurting the trade in France and Great Britain. However, it had the opposite effect, hurting American trade. Post Presidential Period: Jefferson retired after his second term as president and did not reenter public life again. He spent time at Monticello. He was deeply in debt and in 1815 sold his library to form the Library of Congress and to help get him out of debt. He spent a lot of his time in retirement designing the University of Virginia. He died on the fiftieth anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1826. Ironically, this was the same day as John Adams. Historical Significance: Jeffersons election began the fall of federalism and the Federalist Party. When Jefferson took over the office from Federalist John Adams, the transfer of power occurred in an orderly manner which was an extremely rare event. Jefferson took his role as party leader very seriously. His greatest achievement was the Louisiana Purchase which more than doubled the size of the US. He also established the principle of executive privilege by refusing to testify during the Aaron Burr treason trial.

Find out What Marine Conservation Is

Find out What Marine Conservation Is Marine conservation is also known as ocean conservation. The health of all life on Earth depends (directly or indirectly) on a healthy ocean. As humans began to realize their increasing impacts on the ocean, the field of marine conservation arose in response. This article discusses the definition of marine conservation, techniques used in the field, and some of the most important ocean conservation issues. Marine Conservation Definition Marine conservation is the protection of marine species and ecosystems in oceans and seas worldwide. It involves not only protection and restoration of species, populations, and habitats but also mitigating human activities such as overfishing, habitat destruction, pollution, whaling and other issues that impact marine life and habitats. A related term you may encounter is marine conservation biology, which is the use of science to solve conservation issues.   Brief History of Ocean Conservation People became more aware of their impacts on the environment in the 1960s and 1970s. Around this same time, Jacques Cousteau brought the wonder of the oceans to people through television. As scuba diving technology improved, more people took to the undersea world. Whalesong recordings fascinated the public, helped people recognize whales as sentient beings, and led to whaling bans. Also in the 1970s, laws were passed in the U.S. regarding protection of marine mammals (Marine Mammal Protection Act), protection of endangered species (Endangered Species Act), overfishing (Magnuson Stevens Act) and clean water (Clean Water Act), and establishing a National Marine Sanctuary Program (Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act). In addition, the  International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships was enacted to reduce ocean pollution. In more recent years, as ocean issues came to the forefront, the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy was established in 2000 to develop recommendations for a new and comprehensive national ocean policy.  This led to the creation of the National Ocean Council, which is charged with implementing the National Ocean Policy, which establishes a framework for managing the ocean, Great Lakes, and coastal areas, encourages more coordination between the Federal, state and local agencies charged with managing ocean resources, and using marine spatial planning effectively. Marine Conservation Techniques Marine conservation work can be done by enforcing and creating laws, such as the Endangered Species Act and Marine Mammal Protection Act. It can also be done by establishing marine protected areas, studying populations through conducting stock assessments and mitigating human activities with the goal of restoring populations.    An important part of marine conservation is outreach and education. A popular environmental education quote by conservationist Baba Dioum states that In the end, we will conserve only what we love; we will love only what we understand; and we will understand only what we are taught. Marine Conservation Issues Current and emerging issues in marine conservation include: Ocean acidificationClimate change and warming ocean temperatures.Sea level riseReducing bycatch in marine fisheries and entanglements in fishing gear.Establishing marine protected areas  to protect important habitats, commercially and/or recreationally-valuable species and feeding and breeding areas.Regulating whalingProtecting coral reefs through studying the problem of coral bleaching.Addressing the worldwide problem of invasive species.Marine debris and the issue of plastics in the ocean.Dealing with the problem of shark finning.Oil spills (an issue the public became well aware of thanks to the Exxon Valdez and Deepwater Horizon spills).The ongoing debate of the appropriateness of cetaceans in captivity.Studying and protecting endangered species (e.g., North Atlantic right whale, vaquita, sea turtles, monk seals and many other threatened and endangered species). References and Further Information: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Story: Marine Conservation. Accessed November 30, 2015.ScienceDaily Reference. Marine Conservation. Accessed November 30, 2015.U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy. 2004. Review of U.S. Ocean and Coastal Law: The Evolution of Ocean Governance Over Three Decades. Accessed November 30. 2015.  U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy. About the Commission.  Accessed November 30, 2015.The United States Environmental Protection Agency. Ocean Dumping Timeline. Accessed November 30, 2015.

Corporate Tax Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Corporate Tax Management - Essay Example On the contrary, hiring employees on the permanent basis can procure long-term benefits for the employer. Thus starting with the measurement of tax benefits for employers favouring the temporary staffing, the paper moves on to the evaluation of long-term benefits the employer could attain by engaging employees on the permanent basis. During the recent years, there has been a massive uplift in the staffing activities of intermediary companies in the United Kingdom. There are abundant factors that contribute to the uplift in the trend on the part of both the employers and employees. Employees are of the view that self-employment on the temporary basis pays more than the permanent employment as there happens to be several opportunities for them to enter job markets. They often associate it with the flexibility of working conditions and requirements. There are also some skilled persons whose skills are highly demanded by the employers and in order to make the most of their skills, they prefer to work on contractual basis rather than working and clinging permanently to the same company. On the part of employer, however, there appear to be several other factors that encourage them to go for intermediary companies in the pursuit of temporary workers. ... It not only saves the employers from the legal responsibilities but also to the great extent facilitates in the employers' intention to evade taxes that are otherwise payable on the permanent hiring of employees. The investigation by the UK treasury confirms that there has been an increasing tendency on the part of employers and corporations to evade taxes by way of staffing through intermediary companies. The current UK taxation system allows certain exemptions on the taxes to be paid in the case of temporary employment by the employer, which consequently encourages the employers to use this strategy to avoid their tax liabilities. UK law clearly defines and differentiates the meaning of employees and temporary workers so as to explicate the tax liabilities as well as exemptions and also to avoid any exploitation of these terms by any of the parties. However, it fails to recognise the probable exploitations of loopholes in tax laws concerning the temporary employment on the part of the employers. Therefore, the present UK tax system in the form of tax credits or tax exemption allowed in the case of temporary employment encourages to a great extent the exploitation of laws for the purpose of tax evasion on the part of employees. Although staff engagement only via the intermediary companies and not through permanent employees does not in the direct sense implies the employer's intention of tax evasion, but the increasing trend as evident in UK and also the decreasing tax payments due to the provision of temporary workers by the intermediary companies indicate the fact that there exist some significant loopholes in the tax system that aggravate the current situation. In

The role of UK government increasing the competition in the mortgage Dissertation

The role of UK government increasing the competition in the mortgage markets to stimulate the British housing marketing and even - Dissertation Example The UK too experienced housing bubble burst as a reported 37,749 homeowners in the UK lost their homes to the bank between March and June 2008 (Seeking Alpha, 2008). The crisis deepened as banks cut off mortgage lending. Banks and building societies are expected to pay about ?130bn of the emergency borrowing they availed from the Bank of England and the Treasury (Bown, 2011). Rationale for research Traditionally, in most economies, people preferred to remain tenants throughout their life. Changes in lifestyles, education and temptations by the cheap lending rates introduced the concept of becoming house owners. Businessmen in earlier days would tend to invest any extra funds into their business rather than invest in housing (Lawson, 2011). The idea was that this would grow and bring in more prosperity and ready cash to be used for personal purposes than invest in dwelling which one never disposes off. Liquidity preference theory states that the more liquid an asset, the more attracti ve it is an asset as it can be traded easily (Wyatt, 2011). Properties, even in a buoyant market take several weeks to be traded and in a recessionary economy, it may take years. It is less attractive an as investment and the transaction costs are also higher because of the stamp duty and legal fees. Motivation for the study The motivation for the study has arisen from this concept – why did people become interested to invest their savings in dwellings which may appreciate over time but can be of no use to the person who has made the investment? It would also be interesting to evaluate the role that the UK government has played in boosting housing and mortgage of housing in expectation that this would contribute to the growth of the UK economy. Research Aims and Objectives With the objective to determine that competition in the UK mortgage sector did not yield the expected returns and was in fact responsible for the housing bubble, the objectives of the study are: To evaluate the measures that the government took in boosting the housing sector To list the incentives that the government provided to enhance competition in the mortgage market To evaluate the impact of the cheap lending rates in the housing market on the UK economy Literature Review While traditionally building societies were responsible for financing house owners, the concept changed in the 1980s. The business model of the building societies was very simple but as demand intensified, there were queues for mortgages which prompted government intervention (CML, 2004). Competition in the mortgage sector intensified as centralized lenders such as housing corporations entered the market. The UK property bubble was inevitable as the valuations were stretched and lending criteria loosened (Lynn, 2007). Unsecured bad debts and mortgage arrears continued to rise as owners could not keep up payments. The government made attempts in different ways to boost investments in housing. Government intervent ion in housing finance has always existed in every economy through the creation of special circuits for funding flows (Diamond & Lea, 2000). The idea was that investments in dwellings would enhance the banking and the financial sector which would support the growth of the economy. However, political and market forces have been responsible for eroding the reasons for creating the circuits.

Employee empowerment Essay Example for Free

Employee empowerment Essay With no particular list of practices and principles associated with t TQM, a culture, focuses on quality and what does quality constitute in an organizations functions and it considers customer reaction the best measure of quality which depicts the chances of competitive advantage and higher gross profits. Employees having ideas about the improvement of quality and how to do a good Job should be asked to contribute and monitor quality in TQM programs. These programs lay emphasis on the use of technologies that support and aid quality measurement, improvement, issue identification and its solution. In order to ensure substantial commitment to making better decisions and Increase effectiveness and fficiency individuals or teams should be given the power, information and knowledge concerning their autonomous performance and management. Employee involvement programs emphasize changing Job designs and using team structures at the organizations lowest level where as Employee involvement programs emphasize changing Job designs and using team structures at the organizations lowest level. This comparison shows that they do overlap substantially In their major points but that employee Involvement argues for some different forms of organization and places more stress on practices such as self managing work teams. Employee nvolvement seems to fit well In rather small organizational units which are created to produce entire products and serve a particular customer base. Total quality management processes tend to fit situations where large numbers of employees are required to service a customer or produce a product. Depending upon the organizations condition, strategic orientation, the kind of work It needs to do, and where It operates, the best management approach may be either one of these In Its pure form or an approach that modifies each to take advantage of certain elements In the other. Future research needs to focus on when and how specific practices ffect organizational performance. mployee empowerment By areebasaad27 substantial commitment to making better decisions and increase effectiveness and This comparison shows that they do overlap substantially in their major points but that employee involvement argues for some different forms of organization and involvement seems to fit well in rather small organizational units which are created organizations condition, strategic orientation, the kind of work it needs to do, and where it operates, t he best management approach may be either one of these in its in the other. Future research needs to focus on when and how specific practices

Parental Pressure Within High School Students Essay -- essays research

Parental Pressure within High School Students I. I became interested in this topic because my entire academic life has been filled with pressure from my parents. This pressure was mainly in school and grades, and in high school, the amount of pressure increased dramatically. This is because my parents now realized that everything in high school counts towards college. When I first came to high school, my grades were not as good as they were in middle school. I needed a little time to adapt to high school before I could improve my grades. During this time, my parents became upset because I brought home a report card that was not as good as they were expecting. Then I really noticed the pressure getting higher and higher. I did not only notice this with me, but I noticed this with many of my friends. I heard phrases like â€Å"My parents are going to kill me† and â€Å"I'm going to be grounded for 10 years† many times so when the opportunity to do research on this came up, I chose this as my subject. II. How does parental pressure influence students in high school? If there is an influence, is it positive or negative? I would like to do research on this because it raised my curiosity. For me personally, I do better in school if I am calm and have little pressure, but there might be students out there at Ramapo High School that think differently. These are some of the things that I will try to find out through this I-Search. III. At the beginning of my search, I had a really hard time finding secondary sources. First, I went to the school library. Since the school library has this computer program called BELS, there was no need to go to the other libraries. BELS is a program that lists all the books in Franklin Lakes, Wyckoff, and Oakland. It is a network that unites the two public libraries and the one in Indian Hills. I then went to an article search. I had no luck here either. When I went home, I went on America Online to try to find some articles or any secondary sources. I went to the article search and still found nothing. After a few days, I asked the school librarian to help me find some books. She guided me to a section that had books about social problems. Luckily, I found two books on families and parents. These were two good books, but I still needed at least one more to fulfill my requirement. I w... ... Kelly states, â€Å" My whole family is smart, and they all go (or went) to good colleges." In the issue of pressure affecting their school performance, Tyler said that he has a good amount of pressure and that without it, he would probably do worse. Kelly on the other hand, said that she would do a lot better if she had less pressure from her parents. Being a good parent means being there and having confidence in a child. A parent should provide outstretched arms for a safe place when the child might need it. The child should be relaxed and should be enjoying school. Maybe the child will get good grades because he/she wants to (Webb pg.25). Works Cited Gaillard, Lee â€Å"Hands Off Homework?† Education Week 14 December 1994 Guetzloe, Elennor C. Youth Suicide: What the Educators Should Know. New York: The Council for Exceptional Children, 1989. Leaman, Kelly - interview Mills, Tyler - interview Rubin, Dr. Jeffrey and Dr. Carol When Families Fight. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc. 1989 Webb, Margot Coping with Overprotective Parents. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. 1990

Driving While Using Cell Phones

Abstract of Cell phone and drivers research paper This report assesses the risks and benefits associated with cellular phone use while driving. The interest of policymakers in this issue has been heightened by the recent decisions of selected foreign countries and several U. S localities to restrict or prohibit the use of cellular phones while driving. The weight of the scientific evidence to date suggests that use of a cellular phone while driving does create safety risks for the driver and his passengers as well as other road users.The magnitude of these risks is uncertain but appears to be relatively low in probability compared to other risk in daily life. It is not clear whether hands-free cellular phone designs are significantly safer than hand-held designs, since it may be that conversation rather than dialing or handling is responsible for most of the attributable risk due to cellular phone use while driving. The benefits of using this communication device while driving appear to be important.They include benefits to the users, households, social networks, businesses, and communities. Many of these benefits, which include public health and safety considerations, have not yet been recognized or quantified. Simple suggestions that drivers can â€Å"pull over† on the side of the road to make calls from cellular phones are unrealistic and, in certain situations, potentially dangerous. It is not know which of the benefits of cellular phone use would be foregone under various regulatory scenarios.Cellular phone use while driving should be a concern of motorists and policymakers. We conclude that although there is evidence that using a cellular phone while driving poses risks to both the driver and others, it may be premature to enact substantial restrictions at this time. Indecision about whether cellular phone use while driving should be regulated is reasonable due to the limited knowledge of the relative magnitude of risks and benefits.In light of thi s uncertainty, government and industry should endeavor to improve the database for the purpose of informing future decisions of motorists and policymakers. In the interim, industry and government should encourage, through vigorous public education programs, more selective and prudent use of cellular phones while driving in order to enhance transport safety.

Repair scheme for the damaged hull

The repair scheme for the damaged hull can be processed according the following repair flow chart; Damage Assessment The damaged sandwich panel consists of two high strength GRP skin and skins separated by a low density, lower strength foam core. The cross section of hull in the damaged area is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 – Cross Section of Damaged Hull Such structures can be subjected to three damage scenarios. The damage can be limited to one skin (Type A), to one skin and the core (Type B), or to both skins and the core (Type C). Type A damage generally involves matrix cracking, fiber breakage and delaminations in the skin. The damage may or may not extend through the full thickness of the skin. Type A damage can also include debonding of the skin from the core. Type B damage involves Type A damage to one skin combined with crushing or shear cracking of the core. Type C damage involves the same damage mechanisms as Type B except both skins are affected. Type C damage can fully penetrate the sandwich structure [1]. Assuming the hole approximately 150mm in diameter is a though hole and damaged both skins and foam core, we have Type C damage. So we need to repair this damage according to Type C repair scenario. Since access can be gained from both sides, The repair of Type C damage could be done. Repair Type Decision Repair approaches are divided into non-patch, usually fo minor defects, and patch, usually for major defects. Patch repairs are also divided into – Bonded External Patch Repairs External patches can be employed to repair laminates and skins of honeycomb panels of thickness up to about 2mm composites. The main problem with external patches is that, as in a single-lap joint, there is an eccentric load path that results in bending in the patch and peeling stresses in the adhesive and composite. – Bonded Scarf or Flush Repairs Scarf repairs are employed to repair thicker section material than is possible with external repairs and also where the repair must show minimum protrusion above the original surface. The main advantages of scarf joints are the uniform shear-stress distribution in the adhesive, and, due to lack of eccentricity in the load path, the low peel stress. – Bolted External Patch Repairs Bolted patches are generally employed for field repair of thick laminates where the shear stress requirements exceed the capability of adhesives for external patch repairs and where the complexity of repair implementation and material removal requirements. Moisture problems also limit field applications of bonded repairs in thick composites. Bolted repairs are well suited to the repair of battle damage since they are easy to apply by unskilled personnel and require minimum facilities. [2] Both bonded and bolted repair methods could be applied to repair marine sandwich structures. Bonded repairs were considered to be lighter in weight and distribute the load more evenly over a wider area. However, they require careful surface preparation, are difficult to inspect and are more difficult to perform correctly. Bolted repairs are more easily carried out and require minimal surface preparation. However, they add bulk and weight and require holes to be drilled through the structure which can introduce further damage and create stress concentrations. Additionally, bolted repairs are more difficult to implement on sandwich structures and need to be water-tight [3]. Since the yacht has been rammed well above the water line, it could continue its operation with small leakages. So repair could be done in facilities. Also since it has been rammed there is no stress cracking due to design considerations. Same section could be performed; shear stress requirements do not exceed the capability of adhesives. According to these considerations, bonded scarf repair would be more applicable. Permanent Composite Structure Repair For all bonded repairs, removal of all damaged material starting at the centre of the damaged region and surface preparation is of vital importance. Damage to sandwich structures often involves damage to the core material. The damaged core can be filled either with a foaming adhesive, a laminate or a new core section bonded in place. The latter method is usually adopted as it best restores the properties of the sandwich structure. The approved general guidelines for laminate and sandwich repairs should be followed. These repair operations should be carried out in a workshop areas to ensure high quality repairs. The repair of Type C damage to GRP/foam sandwich structures requires the replacement of both skins and the core. The repair procedure for Type C damage is shown in Figure and described following [4]; 1. Remove damaged material. a) Remove the damaged skins, working from the centre of the damaged region on both sides outwards until sound material is encountered. b) Remove the exposed damaged core. 2. Taper sand a) Prepare the foam core b) Sand the edges of both skins to a taper per layer providing a scarf angle 3. Install the replacement foam. a) Use a paste adhesive designed to bond foam. However, instead of using vacuum, the adhesive was injected into the bondline using a caulking gun. b) Use a backing plate where required. c) Use the appropriate grade of foam. d) Use the minimum amount of adhesive. 4. Replace the skins. a) Use the same number of layers as the original skin. b) Apply one extra layer of GRP. 5. Replace the skins on other side. a) Use the same number of layers as the original skin. b) Apply one extra layer of GRP. Quality Check / NDT For comprehensive inspection of repaired part, Non Destructive Test (NDT) can ve used. The inspector should examine the quality of the repaired area and particular attention should be given to the interface between the original part and the repaired area. Usual inspection methods use some form of ultrasonic test equipment where the reflection of the ultrasonic sound waves detect and identify any damaged areas or faults [4].

Free Essays on School Psychologist

School Psychologist School psychologists have specialized training in both psychology and education. The training requirements to become a school psychologist are a minimum of 60 graduate semester hours including a year-long internship. This training emphasizes preparation in mental health, child development, school organization, learning, behavior and motivation. To work as a school psychologist, one must be certified and/or licensed by the state in which services are provided. School psychologists also may be nationally certified by the National School Psychology Certification Board (NSPCB). School psychologists use their training and skills to team with educators, parents, and other mental health professionals to ensure that every child learns in a safe, healthy and supportive environment. They understand school systems, effective teaching and successful learning. They work to help with the particular needs of each child and each situation. Some of their important duties include: Giving healthy and effective alternatives to teachers, parents, and administrators about problems in learning and behavior. Strengthen working relationships between educators, parents and community services. Use a wide variety of techniques at an individual, group, and systems level to evaluate academic skills, learning aptitudes, personality and emotional development and social skills. Work face-to-face with children and families to help solve conflicts and problems in learning and adjustment. Provide psychological counseling for children and families and social skills training, behavior management, and other strategies. Help promote tolerance, understanding, and appreciation of the diversity in the school community. Evaluate the effectiveness of academic programs, behavior management systems, and other services. Work with children and families to provide integrated community services focusing on psychosocial wellne... Free Essays on School Psychologist Free Essays on School Psychologist School Psychologist School psychologists have specialized training in both psychology and education. The training requirements to become a school psychologist are a minimum of 60 graduate semester hours including a year-long internship. This training emphasizes preparation in mental health, child development, school organization, learning, behavior and motivation. To work as a school psychologist, one must be certified and/or licensed by the state in which services are provided. School psychologists also may be nationally certified by the National School Psychology Certification Board (NSPCB). School psychologists use their training and skills to team with educators, parents, and other mental health professionals to ensure that every child learns in a safe, healthy and supportive environment. They understand school systems, effective teaching and successful learning. They work to help with the particular needs of each child and each situation. Some of their important duties include: Giving healthy and effective alternatives to teachers, parents, and administrators about problems in learning and behavior. Strengthen working relationships between educators, parents and community services. Use a wide variety of techniques at an individual, group, and systems level to evaluate academic skills, learning aptitudes, personality and emotional development and social skills. Work face-to-face with children and families to help solve conflicts and problems in learning and adjustment. Provide psychological counseling for children and families and social skills training, behavior management, and other strategies. Help promote tolerance, understanding, and appreciation of the diversity in the school community. Evaluate the effectiveness of academic programs, behavior management systems, and other services. Work with children and families to provide integrated community services focusing on psychosocial wellne...

Verb Tenses and Forms on SAT Writing

Verb Tenses and Forms on SAT Writing SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Get excited for this article all about verbs!!! Tenses!! Gerunds!! Infinitives!! In my next article, I may write about not overusing exclamation points!!! Extreme punctuation aside, knowing when to use different verb tenses and forms will be extremely beneficial to you on the SAT Writing section, since these concepts are tested repeatedly on the SAT. There’s a lot of information in this article, but I promise that it’s all valuable and knowing it will help you maximize your SAT score. In this post, I’ll do the following: Define the verb tenses and forms that are tested on the SAT. Provide information about when to use different verb tenses. Detail how to construct verbs in different tenses. Explain and demonstrate how verbs are tested on the SAT. Provide practice questions to test you on what you’ve learned. Verb Tenses You Need To Know While you don’t need to know the names of verb tenses for the SAT, you do need to know when and how to properly use different verb tenses. We'll go through them one at a time. Present Function The present tense is the verb tense you use when for discussingthings that are currently happening or for statements of fact. Examples of verbs in the present tense are "runs," "plays," and "talk." Also, the present progressive is considered a form of the present tense. The present progressive is formed with the present tense of â€Å"to be† + the gerund (â€Å"ing†) form of the word. Examples of presentprogressive verbs are "am talking," "is explaining," and "are jumping." Typically, words like â€Å"currently† andâ€Å"now† indicate that you should use the present tense of a verb. Here's an example sentence for you: Currently, I am writing this amazing article. Construction Let's conjugate a verb in the present tense. This is the conjugation of the verb "walk". Singular Plural I walk We walk You walk You walk He/She/It Walks They walk The present tense is not specifically tested on the SAT Writing section, but you do need to know how to properly conjugate verbs in the present tense for subject-verb agreement questions. Simple Past Function Generally, any sentence that describes a completed action should contain a verb in the past tense. Construction Typically the simple past tense of a verb is formed by adding â€Å"ed† to the verb. The past tense of â€Å"destroy† is â€Å"destroyed†. The past tense of â€Å"talk† is â€Å"talked† and the past tense of â€Å"explain† is â€Å"explained.† Check out this example sentence: Yesterday, George watched seven hours of Netflix. Many verbs are irregular and do not follow this construction. For example, "buy" becomes "bought" in the past tense, "come" becomes "came," and "grow" becomes "grew." However, the SAT will not specifically test you on irregular verbs. Good stuff Present Perfect Function Use the present perfect tense for actions that began in the past but are still continuing in the present. Construction The present perfect is formed with has/have + the past participle. For regular verbs, the past participle is formed by adding "ed" to the verb. Examples of present perfect verbs include "has talked", "have done", and "has brought". Here is an example sentence with a verb in the present perfect tense. For the past seven hours, George has watched Netflix. As in this example, the words â€Å"for† and â€Å"since† often indicate that the present perfect tense is needed. Be aware, however, thatthere are other instances when context determines that you should use the present perfect tense. Past Perfect Function When a sentence describes two completed actions, the past perfect is used for the action that came first. Construction The past perfect tense is formed with had + the past participle. Examples of past perfect verbs include "had talked," "had danced," and "had grown." Look at this sentence that correctly uses the past perfect tense: By the time his mom came home from work, George had watched seven hours of Netflix. The seven hours of watching werecompleted before George'smom came home, so we use the past perfect for the verb "to watch." The action that comes firstshould be in the past perfect tense. Conditional Function The conditional tense is used to describe things that could occur or things that haven't yet occurred from the perspective of the past. Construction The conditional tense is formed with "would" + the verb. Examples of verbs in the conditional tense are "would talk," "would sing," and "would write." Future Function The future tense is used to describe things that have not yet occurred or could occur in the future. Construction The future tense is formed with "will" + the verb. Examples of verbs in the future tense are "will talk," "will sing," and "will write." Gerunds and Infinitives Gerund and Infinitive Function Both gerunds and infinitives are verbs that act like nouns. While gerunds and infinitives can often be used interchangeably, certain idiomatic expressions require you to use one or the other. Gerund Construction Gerunds are formed by adding "ing" to a verb. Examples of gerunds include "running," "jumping," and "singing." Infinitive Construction Infinitives are formed by adding "to" + the verb. Examples of infinitives include "to play," "to run," and "to jump." How Are Verb Tenses and Forms Tested on the SAT? Now that you're familiar with the different verb tenses and forms, we can discuss how theyare tested on the SAT. Consistency Most of the verb questions in the SAT Writing section have to do with consistency. The basic consistency rule regarding verbs is that verbs should remain consistent in tense or form throughout a sentence. Sentences that start in the past should stay in the past and sentences that start in the present should stay in the present. Check out this incorrect sentence that does not follow the consistency rule: Jerome attends study hall and played the violin. The verb "attends" is in the present tense and "played" is in the past. The verb tenses should be consistent. Here is a correct version of the sentence: Jerome attends study hall and plays the violin. We could have corrected the sentence by changing "attends" to "attended". The important thing to remember is that the verb tenses should be consistent. Sometimes, however, you can have a shift in tense and the sentence can still be correct. This kind of construction is only possible if the verbs are in different clauses. Take a look at these examples: Jeremiah bought a Lexus and impresses his peers. Jeremiah bought a Lexus because he wants to impress his peers. The first sentence is incorrect since "bought" and "impresses" are in different tenses but the same clause. The second sentence, on the other hand, is correct. The tense shift takes place in a different clause and the two verbs are occurring at different times: Jeremiah bought the car in the past, but he still wants to impress people in the present. Strategy If a verb is underlined in either the sentence improvement or identify the error subsection, make sure the verb follows consistency rules. If there are multiple verbs in the sentence, identify the tenses to make sure they're consistent. If there's a shift from past to present or vice versa, determine if the variation is acceptable given the context of the sentence. Here's an actual SAT Writing question that tests verb tense consistency. Real SAT Example Try to answer the following question from a real SAT. Explanation: The verb â€Å"has been† is part of the underlined phrase. Whenever you see a verb underlined, check for verb tense andsubject-verb agreement errors. â€Å"Has been† is in the present perfect tense. However, we know that the sentence should be in the past due to the verb â€Å"was† in the sentence. The verb tenses should be consistent. Also, the present perfect is used for something that is still going on, and, based on the context of the sentence, we know that we’re dealing with a completed action. Similarly, because there is not a sequence of completed actions, we know that we shouldn’t use the past perfect tense, "had been". After eliminating wrong choices, we’re left with C and D. Due to parallel structure rules, the infinitive â€Å"to conceive† should be used to be parallel with â€Å"to espouse† on the other side of the conjunction. The answer is D. On the SAT Writing section Let's take a look at another common type of verb form question on the SAT. Gerund Vs. Infinitive On the SAT, gerunds will be switched with infinitives. While both gerunds and infinitives are verbs that function as nouns, certain idiomatic expressions require you to use either a gerund or an infinitive. Typically, you have to rely on knowing what sounds right to determine whether to use a gerund or an infinitive. Here is an example of ansentence with an error: Luis has decided playing football next year. To fix the error, you have to know that the verb "decide"requires an infinitive to follow it. This is the corrected version of the same sentence: Luis decided to play football next year. How do you figure out gerund vs. infinitive questions on the SAT? Strategy Review the list of idioms with gerunds and infinitives. In sentences with a gerund or infinitive underlined, replace one with the other to determine what sounds better. Use this strategy and your knowledge of gerunds and infinitives to answer this actual SAT question. Real SAT Example Where is the error in the following sentence? Is there an error? Explanation: I hope your ear for what sounds right helped you figure this one out. There is a gerund, â€Å"working†, underlined. Replace the gerund with an infinitive to determine what sounds better. Would you say â€Å"they had an inability working together† or â€Å"they had an inability to work together†? The latter is correct, and the infinitive form should be used. The answer is C. Let's move onto some of the other commonly misused verb forms. Simple Past Vs. Present Perfect On the SAT, a verb will occasionallybe in the simple past tense when it should be in the present perfect and vice versa. As noted earlier, the past tense is used for completed actions. The present perfect is used for actions that began in the past and are still going on. Here is an example sentence with this sort of verb tense error: For the past month, I wrote articles for PrepScholar. The action, writing, started a month ago and is still going on. Therefore, you should use the present perfect tense. This is the corrected sentence: For the past month, I have written articles for PrepScholar. Will make you holler! I have a few tips to help you figure out whether to use the past or present present perfect on the SAT Writing section. Strategy For both past and present perfect tenses, determine the function of the verb based on the context of the sentence. Use your knowledge of how the tenses should be used to determine if the given tense is being used correctly. Keep in mind that words like â€Å"for† and â€Å"since† often indicate that the present perfect is required. Simple Past Vs. Past Perfect The simple past is for completed actions and the past perfect describes the first of two completed actions or events. On the SAT, occasionally, a verb will be in the simple past when it should be in the past perfect and vice versa. This is an example of an incorrect sentence: I never saw such a disgusting meal until I went to Applebee's. Because the â€Å"never seeing† happened before going to Applebee’s, the verb should be in the past perfect tense. This is the corrected version of the sentence: I had never seen such a disgusting meal until I went to Applebee's. The following advice will help you when you encounter a simple past vs. past perfect question on the SAT. Strategy Any time a simple past tense verb or past perfect verb is underlined, make sure the verb is being used correctly. The phrase â€Å"by the time† will often indicate that the past perfect is needed. Check out this past vs. past perfect question from the SAT. Real SAT Example Try to correctly answer this past vs. past perfect question that appeared on the identify the error subsection. Explanation: Let’s look at the underlined verb â€Å"had been†. It’s in the past perfect tense. Should it be? Well, the two actions, sharing the Nobel Prize and being the first woman to win, happened simultaneously. The past perfect should only be used for an action that is completed before another completed action. Therefore, the simple past should be used instead of the past perfect. The answer is C. The verb should be â€Å"was†. Would Vs. Will On rare occasions, "would" and "will" will be switched with one another. Generally, you only have to remember that "would" should be used with sentences in the past tense and "will" should be used with sentences in the present or future tense. Here is an example of an incorrect sentence: Bill Clinton, who will become president in 1992, was born in Hope, Arkansas. Because the sentence is in the past, as indicated by a date in the past, you need to use â€Å"would† instead of â€Å"will†. This is the corrected version: Bill Clinton, who would become president in 1992, was born in Hope, Arkansas. Strategy Any time that â€Å"would† or â€Å"will† is underlined, make sure that â€Å"would† is used for sentences in the past, and â€Å"will† is used for sentences in the present/future. Let's take a look at more verb questions from the SAT Writing section. More Real SAT Examples Try to correctly answer this identify the error question. Explanation: On first glance, nothing may seem incorrect. However, the phrase â€Å"twenty-five years after† indicates that the action is already completed. The event happened twenty-five years ago. The past tense should be used for completed actions. The verb â€Å"stimulate† is in the present tense and should be changed to â€Å"stimulated†. The answer is B. Here's another example question for you. Explanation:When you see a verb underlined, make sure it’s in the proper tense. The phrase â€Å"during the last fifty years† indicates that something started in the past and is still going on. What verb tense should we use in this situation? We should use the present perfect tense. â€Å"Come† is in the present tense. Also, the verb â€Å"have seemed† is a clue that â€Å"come† should be in the present perfect tense. In this situation, the tenses should be consistent. Therefore, â€Å"come† should be â€Å"have come†. The answer is B. Here are some more general tips for verb questions on SAT Writing. General Strategies for Verb Questions #1: If a Verb is Underlined, Check for Proper Tense and Form Whether on the sentence improvement or identify the error subsection, if a verb is part of an underlined phrase, there is a possible verb form error. #2: Look for Words/Phrases That Indicate Which Verb Tense Should Be Used Often, words or phrases elsewhere in the sentence will let you know what tense to use. If a date in the past is referenced, you should probably use a form of the past tense. If the word â€Å"since† is written, there should probably be a present perfect verb. Context clues are placed within a sentence to indicate the proper verb tense. Also, the other verbs in the sentence can indicate which tense to use. Remember consistency rules. #3: Replace Gerunds with Infinitives and Vice Versa If there is a sentence with a gerund or infinitive underlined, replace it with the other to determine which would work best in the given sentence. Rely on your ear and knowledge of idiomatic expressions for gerund/infinitive questions. I created some realistic practice questions to test you on what you've learned. Additional Practice Utilize your verb knowledge to answer the following SAT Writing practice questions. 1. When Toni Braxton performed (A) at the casino in Arizona (B), she sold (C) out the venue and had been given (D) a standing ovation. No error. (E) 2. Until (A) recently, people talk (B) to each other instead (C) of relying on texting and e-mail to communicate (D) with their peers. No error. (E) 3. For the past five years, Josh has been listening toTupacShakur. A. has been listening B. listens C. is listening D. will be listening E. listened 4. When (A) Mariah Carey released (B) her first album in 1990, (C) no one knew that she will (D) win 5 Grammy Awards and sell more than 60 million albums. No error. (E) Answers: 1. D, 2. B, 3. A, 4. D What's Next? Now that you'vethoroughly reviewed verb questions, check out this article on the complete parts of speech for SAT Writing. For an in-depth post about questions related to specific parts of speech, read this one on adjectives and adverbs. For those of you who are aiming for perfection, learn how to get a perfect score on SAT Writing. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Writing and grammar lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Translational methods from basal instruction to a differentiated Essay

Translational methods from basal instruction to a differentiated pedagogical system - Essay Example There is a movement underway in many school systems to complete the transition away from basal reading programs and more towards systems of instruction that facilitate an organic growth of reading-comprehension based on texts written to be read. Most purely basal texts are written for the purpose of teaching reading, which creates a separation from the reality of what people read, why they read it, and the natural flow of literature. Basal and purely literature-based reading instruction programs assume that acquiring reading fluency depends upon the comprehension and and exercising of individual, component skills that combine mechanistically to create an understanding of written language.This technological perspective can be challenged by more recent, reliable theoretical models of literacy holistic education that denies the validity of skill components. The purpose of reading and the context of the passage must be included in the education process. Dissatisfaction with basal program s has mounted in recent years, in part due to this consideration for the purposes behind reading. Basal stories sections may in some cases contain unrealistic linguistic characters to demonstrate various aspects of the component education process. (CELT, 1998) In response to these concerns from parents and educators, curriculum publishers, state departments of education, and school districts themselves have begun the institution of sweeping reforms in reading/literacy teaching programs. A principle objective is the development of literature-based systems that rely on texts written with the intent of reading; which could easily be found outside a classroom; rather than basals that exist only for reading classroom use. Further investigation is required to determine to what extent this new concept truly alters the face of literacy education, towards a determination of the best way to transition away from basal. Newer theories that question the basis of basal instruction dispense with t he grade-level restrictions that actively prevent some teachers from using texts designated for higher grades. Literature-based programs permit texts as long as they contribute to the interests of readers or are relevant to a particular academic topic. The goal is a new kind of literature program that draws on a the classroom as a community. Teachers and students using literature-based programs choose from a greater selection of actual, unadapted texts as they would appear outside a classroom. A purely basal approach, based on a mechanistic theory may not allow for the leaps of intuition that are necessary for true, fluent comprehension, should the students be subjected to a laundry list of abstractions. Some researchers make the argument that the basal texts themselves should never have been utilized as the entire reading program. In essence, they have always been - since the earliest days of the McGuffey Readers, a workbook/textbook for reading. The dominance of basal-trained read ers has prompted much of the investigation into the efficacy of such programs, and ways to transition beyond them. (Shannon & Goodman, 1994) DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION It is apparent to most all educators that not all students think alike. From this knowledge, differentiated instruction strategies facilitate an approach to teaching and learning that opens multiple options for students in the acquisition of information and a thorough comprehension of ideas. Differentiated instruction is a pedagogical theory resulting from the premise of varied instructional approaches incorporated into the classroom to meet the needs of diverse students; both in terms of communal/cultural origin and neurobiological aptitudes. (Tomlinson, 2001). These ideas become a viable alternative to meta-literary classroom-only texts typified under Basal Instruction. This is the method that seeks to verify that the learning the student receives is an individual match for that students level of achievement, in ter ms of readiness levels, progress,

3 page executive report describing how information technology impacts Essay

3 page executive report describing how information technology impacts California Workers' Compensation Industy - Essay Example Information technology and its benefits have not yet been fully employed in the workers’ compensation industry although several instances of it are available. Providers have been using the EDI but the process is still a challenge in the workers’ compensation industry. The workers’ compensation is such a small part of the claim that many providers have yet to start with electronically processing of claims.2 The technology that is used in the industry is P2P link which provides an electronic â€Å"transaction hub† which allows information to be shared between payers and providers. The providers can submit bills, medical reports and other communication through web interface. An automated review checks the bill for accuracy and completeness before it reaches the insurance carrier for payment. This is in use at Lakeland which improves the flow of information and streamlines the adjudication of claims. It has improved the ability to execute the payment of workers’ compensation claims in a timely manner. While other states use the American Medical Association guidelines to ensure fair evaluation of physical impairment, California lags behind. The California Workers’ Compensation System (CWCS) is in the grip of crisis as doctors are leaving by the dozen. Doctors are dropping out because of the delays in reimbursements for treatments.3 Patient loads have doubled while treatment authorization takes months. The new SB 899 had become effective in 2004 but is now under severe scrutiny for the human suffering it has caused. Nobody in the state administration is concerned as the insurance company profits are soaring. The faster an insurer receives notice of an injury, medical treatment can be initiated timely, the injured starts recuperating fast and gets back to work. This would eliminate the cost of hiring an attorney to settle claims. This is where

Thinking about Publishing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Thinking about Publishing - Essay Example when you think of authors, what do you think motivates authors to want to publish their work, and why do you think they might choose the specific forms they choose like printed books, ebooks, blogs, newspapers, etc? Authors publish their works with an aim of disseminating their written work to the public in a more appealing way. The published information can either be fictional or non-fictional. Publishing non-fictional works has always been a valid choice for many authors, especially those who have a solid foundation as well as means of distribution (Konrath). 3. What are some different formats of published work and specific publications you yourself generally read? Be as specific as you can. (This could include websites, newspapers, magazines, email newsletters, books, ebooks, textbooks, novels, comics, etc!) There are different formats of published works. These formats include books, textbooks, novels, magazines, websites, and newspapers, among other formats. In book publishing, there are different types of book publishers, depending on the market of the book. Those who publish books found in most bookstores are professional publishers, academic publishers, and self-publishing services (Konrath). 4. In your own life, what are some interesting things youve noticed about publishing? This might include changes youve seen over the course of your life (like maybe you bought an e-reader and your experience of books changed). Or it might include differences you see between publishing in the US and publishing in another country where youve lived or visited. Or it might include your experiences reading articles for school online vs. reading printed textbooks. Anything that comes to mind is great! In my entire academic life I have witnessed a lot when it comes to publishing. I have seen many changes in the course of my life. I once bought an e-reader which totally changed my experience of books. In addition, in the course of visiting different countries to pursue my

Agricultural Pollution In The United Kingdom Environmental Sciences Essay

Agricultural Pollution In The United Kingdom Environmental Sciences Essay The global human population doubled from less than 3000 million to 6000 million during the latter half of the twentieth century. The demand for food increased as the global population increased. This resulted in the intensification of agriculture to meet the higher food demand which placed an increasing demand on the natural environment. This has lead to the United Kingdom now having more than 76% of land being used for agricultural production. Since the 1930s the UK agriculture industry has undergone a major revelation. The productivity levels have considerably increases due the progress in crop and animal breeding, the accessibility of pesticides and fertilisers and the fast and advancing technology.  [1]   The move to more intensive farming methods has led to a marked increase in the amount of pollution incidents recorded (Pollution can be described as the unwanted environmental effects of human activity) .Figure 1 show that the pollution incident levels are constantly changing, this if reflected by the dynamic moves and the progress the agriculture industry make. Fig 1 taken from : G. Merrington , l . Winder, R. Parkinson, and M. Reedman , Agricultural Pollution: Problems and Practical Solutions, Taylor Francis, 2002. Agricultural processes can pollute in many ways, these include; deliberate pollution (the introduction of pesticides, fertilisers, genetically modified crops and sewage sludge into the environment). Agricultural processes and wastes (silage effluent and live stock waste) and the enhancement of natural processes from agulcultural activity (increased nitrous oxide emissions and soil erosion). Fertilisers can cause problems in agriculture. Fertilisers are used in agriculture to promote plant growth. Fertilizers are combinations of the nutrients that plants must have to grow, in a form they can use. Fertilisers are used because as plants grow, they absorb and deplete nutrients from the soil. Farmers harvest those same nutrients when they harvest crops meaning the nutrients that are need are lost and need to be reapplied in order to achieve a successful crop year after year if crops are to be grown and harvested continually.  [2]   If the applied fertilisers or raw sewage ends up reaching rivers and lakes, they increase the levels of nitrate and phosphate them. This causes Eutrophication and can end up in the mass death of organisms in the water. The steps of Eutrophication are as follows; the growth of algae and other plants is increased due to higher levels of nitrates and phosphates that have entered the water. These form algal blooms and mean there are a larger than usual amount of producers and they become overcrowded and being to die quicker than they are consumed. The dead producers provider food (energy) for the decomposers. This causes the amount of decomposers to increase quickly and they use up large amounts of the oxygen in the water. This increases its biological oxygen demand (BOD) and this change causes a lack of oxygen in the water and leads to the death of aerobic organisms. In cases with raw sewage, which is full of bacteria, the BOD is even greater.  [3]  Also if Ammonia (90% of ammonia e missions in the UK is from agriculture  [4]  ), pesticides, oil, degreasing agents, metals and other toxins from farm equipment ends up in rivers and lakes they can harm and kill aquatic life. They can also cause health problems when they get into drinking water. Agriculture is one of the biggest causes of water pollution in the UK (see figure 2) and in 2001 had the second largest water pollution incidents from a range of economic sectors. Fig 2 taken from : G. Merrington , l . Winder, R. Parkinson, and M. Reedman , Agricultural Pollution: Problems and Practical Solutions, Taylor Francis, 2002. Organic waste is another big polluter from agriculture. Although the number of pollution incidents due to organic wastes is declining in the UK, the Environment Agency spends approximately  £5 million pound per year on river pollution incidents caused by agriculture. This is because the production, storage and disposal of animal wastes (pigs, cows) and silage effluent present major risks to streams and rivers including the aquatic life. A result of the intensification of livestock production in the UK has caused a large increase in the amount water pollution incidents as a result organic wastes. 90% of all farm pollution incidents are a result of organic pollutants. Incidents are mainly in areas that have a high livestock production. In the UK the highest water pollution incident occur in the south west, midlands and west of the country. Gaseous emissions from UK agriculture are responsible for approximately 8% of all greenhouse gas emissions. Nitrous oxide and methane are two of the biggest polluters from agriculture with over 50% of nitrous oxide resulting from agricultural activities and 37% of methane emissions in the UK from agriculture. The causes of Nitrous oxide to be released into the atmosphere in agriculture are during the application of nitrogen fertilisers. The effects of Nitrous oxide are global and include the eroding of the earths ozone layer (which can cause problems including an increase in the risk of skin cancer) and causes the greenhouse gas effect. The greenhouse gas effect is the heating of the surface of the earth due to the presence of an atmosphere containing gases that absorb and emit infrared radiation.  [5]   Nitrates from fertilisers can also soak into the ground and eventually end up in drinking water. This is dangerous and can cause health problems such as methemeglopbinemia or blue baby syndrome which causes death in infants.  [6]   The cause of Methane release in to the atmosphere in agriculture is mainly due to livestock, most commonly from ruminants due to enteric fermentation. Enteric fermentation is fermentation that takes place in the digestive systems of ruminant animals. Both nitrous oxide and methane both have a high global warming potential, methane can absorb 21 times more infrared radiation than carbon dioxide and is an important greenhouse gas. Carbon dioxide emission from agriculture can come from a number of sources, whether it from fossil fuel combustion or land change. The use of fossil fuel production in agriculture is wide spread, whether its direct from farming machinery or from the transport of goods from the farms to other company or to the supermarkets. However, there is more carbon in the worlds soil than in the atmosphere and plant biomass put together. This means that land use change intended for greater production can increase the amount of carbon dioxide being released. The turnover of biomass and land change responsible for 5% of the total carbon dioxide emissions alone in the UK. The loss of soil carbon due as a result of degradation of land is also another contributor to carbon dioxide due to agriculture. Soil is an important carbon sink and acts as a transfer store for carbon. Agricultural practices that reduce soil carbon levels by methods that degrade organic matter reduce the capacity of the of the car bon sink. The release of carbon dioxide can have a global effect as carbon dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas and is a big contributor to the greenhouse effect. The reduction in soil also causes a reduction in the infiltration rate, this increases soil run off and erosion which can lead to the deposition of sediment onto roads and into drains, this can also cause damage to the quality of water in lakes and rivers due to an excess inputs of chemicals and other substances. The increased run off and sedimentation can cause a greater risk of flooding further downstream.  [7]  The effect of carbon solubility in water also means exchanges of carbon can occur in the worlds oceans causing a wider spread effect. Changes in carbon between the atmosphere and land are dynamic and can be shown in the carbon cycle (figure 3). Figure 3 show the carbon cycle of a farm. Changing the inputs and outputs, or removing stores can drastically change the amount of carbon in the atmosphere or in the land. Figure 3 taken from http://www.farmingfutures.org.uk/Images/Carbon-Cycle-2306.gif Pesticides (including herbicides, insecticides and fungersides) are another pollutant from agriculture that can cause problems for the environment. Pesticides use has become an integral part of modern farming in the UK, with most crops having at least one and usually many more applications, with Cereal crop being sprayed around six times on average in the UK. More expensive crops such as vegetables and fruit can be sprayed over 15 times. The crops are sprayed to kill organisms such as pests, diseases and weed as they are unwanted in agriculture production as they would lower yield size.  [8]  However pesticides can cause point source or diffuse pollution in a number of ways. Pesticides can cause direct contamination of ground and surface waters. They can contaminate soil and leach into ground and surface waters. Pesticides also disrupt food chain and food webs as they can affect non-target organisms, whether by direct contamination or by accumulating further down the food web. Th is is a high occurrence as less than 0.1% of pesticides reach there target organism.  [9]   The movement of pollutants between the land, water and atmosphere can be summarised in figure 4. Figure 4 shows the relationship between pollution coming from a farm and the cycle it takes between the land, water and atmosphere .The pollutants could come from a number of the sources and examples that have been mentioned. Figure 4 taken from http://www.ecifm.rdg.ac.uk/farm_waste.htm original by R. Cook 2000. The effects of the agriculture pollution may be accounted for in two ways by the assignment of monetary value. The cost may be financial, for example incurred in water treatment or economic for instance due to the loss of a landscape feature valued by people which can be classed as visual pollution. The cost of agricultural in the UK is high and in 1996 the total external cost of UK agriculture was  £2343 million (range for 1990-1996:  £1149-  £3907 million). This is the equivalent to  £208 per hectare of arable and permanent pasture. Significant costs occur from pollution due to agriculture, whether direct from point source pollution or from non point source pollution costs in the UK include; the contamination of drinking water with pesticides ( £120 million per year), from emission of gases ( £1113 million per year), soil erosion ( £106 million per year) and food poisoning ( £169 million per year), from damage to wildlife, habitats, hedgerows and dry stone walls (visual pollution) (125 million per year).  [10]   Pollution control and solutions should take into account the external cost or externalities caused by economic activity. For example a side effect or by product of agricultural practice which is unpriced within the farming economy may be incurring a cost for someone else by reducing their profits or welfare.  [11]   Solutions to agricultural pollution can include; Government action through changes in policy and law; this could mean that farmers are forced to cut down the pollution they are causing. Research and development, including training and information programs and economic instruments such as financial subsidies and taxes could help reduce pollution, as alternative methods of farming that pollute less may be offered to the farmers with money incentives, while heavy polluting techniques and methods may be taxed. Other methods can include the modification behaviour by farmers, including changes in the use of agrochemical inputs, and other farm management practices. Practical solutions too many pollutants can be achieved through good agricultural practice (GAP). GAP is a well established approach in Morden farming to reduce environmental pollution and is supported with national and international legislations. The UK has published guidelines on pesticide usage which along with GAP is intended to both minimise their impact on the environment and allow safer usage. Practical solutions regarding gaseous emissions in agriculture are controlled with the support of legislation such as the Kyoto Protocol, which the European Union is committed to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The UK is looking to reduce the level of emissions in 1990 by 12.5% before 2012.  [12]  To achieve this reduction the UK will need to cut its carbon dioxide in most of the economic sectors including agriculture. Pollution management can be achieved in two ways. An attempt to cure the problem by acting against the pollutants themselves, for example water treatment, or by preventing the cause of the pollution by encouraging alternative agricultural practices that are less polluting such as organic farming. Organic farming would reduce the number of pollution incidents due to agrochemicals, for example pesticides, including insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides  [13]  . However many farmer may be apposed to a move in organic farming, as it may result with a decreases yield of crop and an increase in labour outputs. A move to organic products may also reduce the target market for the food buyers, as higher labour and growing costs general mean the final product is more expensive than intensively grow products. This could limit the number of buyers this could result in a significant reduction in profit. In conclusion pollution can arise from agriculture in a number of ways. The effects of the pollution can vary drastically, from affecting only a small localised area through point source pollution such as a single farm, or by having a wider effect, sometimes on a global scale, such as non point source pollution. The pollution from agriculture can also effect both the environment, including the animals and nearby residents, but also the economy. Reducing pollution in agriculture can be difficult and have knock-on effects on both the environment and the economy. Many farming techniques rely on high polluting intensive farming methods to simply meet the demand of the population. Methods like these can be degrading to the environment, but vital for the farming economy to survive and meet there demand. However this can cause huge amounts of money to be spent by other organisations to clean up the pollution that they are causing. On the other hand many farming techniques designs to reduce the amount of pollution being caused from agriculture rely heavily on government funding in the form of incentives, which may reduce the environmental impacts but cost the country money. As conflicts can occur between the management of pollution issues there are many policies and legislations designed to minimise the effects of agricultural pollution and many try and find a balance between economic activity and the environment, such as the press ure-state-response frame work.  [14]  The best way to manage the pollution incidents I believe is through the prevention rather than cure. I believe that encouragement and search of practical solutions to reduce agriculture pollution is the best way to combat the problem. I also feel that compromises will have to be made both financially and environmentally to achieve the best result.