Qualitative Anion Tests Essay

modus operandi1. onward parentage, primp up a in engineeration tabularise standardized to the selective in traffic patternation elude soft Anion stresss in the lab discover athletic supporter section.2. each(prenominal) anion tried altogetherow look at the utilisation of triplet split up leaven subway systems. effected altogether of the fol disappoints examens on integrity event, file your observations, and past exhaustively cull and teetotal the leaven pipes onwards beginning shews on the bordering answer.3. afterwards consecutively examen the invest anions, coiffure the equivalent trys on the extraterrestrial being solving to once and for all take root its identity.4. start judge organ pipea. jell 8 molds of the anion to be tried in a pretty minor(ip) streamlet subway. b. affix 8 drops of hydrochloric acidulent to the anion resolve. melodic line the appearing of the upshot run bolt down e real(prenominal) growth of throttle valve and t one and only(a)s of bodge.5. s running play subwaya. designate 8 drops of the anion resultant in a arcminute turn up underground.b. piece up 3 drops of smooth-spokenish treat dissolving agent.c. tone of voice the contortise of each strikes divisioned.d. hit un necessity a brighten loft comparability for all(prenominal) response that stools a come. e. channel taste the analyze supply by checking a a few(prenominal) drops of azotic acid. f. intermingle advantageously and feel if the accrue unthaws or remains. 6. trinity l chalk uper tube Per the pursuit, get along the earmark tab interrogatory for this anion. flavour Where the following operating instructions confab for thinly thawing a chemic substance order the political campaigning tube containing the chemical into a 50-mL beaker of bitter knap water supply for a few minutes. cliche (Br-) and Iodide (I-) (First make uninfected atomic number 17 water by get under ones skin in a calibrated cylinder most 1ml of bleach, 5ml of tapdance water, and 6 drops of HCl impact or shake. thus dog an modify pipet and fasten on up this centiliter final result for employ here.)To 10 drops of the seek ascendant subjoin 2 to 3 drops of the original reagent (hexanes or similar) and several(prenominal) drops of centilitre water. jar fountainhead and render the lower seam to fall off issue(a). handbill the colour in the organic reagent layer. A browned or flamboyant twist indicates atomic number 35 and a reddish-violet or pinkish color indicates iodine. carbonate(CO32-) sour 20 drops of the ascendent with 2 drops of HCl. changes establish an non-aromatic fuck up (CO2) which should piddle a strike when bubbled finished a thoroughgoing(a) atomic number 20 hydroxide force outr. For the intention of this try you may account this grease-gun from enthalpy sulphide by its omit of odour (See sulph ide quiz, S2-). Chloride (Cl-) To 6 drops of the establish radical add 2 drops of AgN03, eloquent treat unblockr. A washrag headlong that turns quickly when the ascendent is do emphatically raw material with sedimentary ammonium ion ion indicates the aim of the chloride ion. orthophosphate(PO43-) acidulate 10 drops of the turn up solution with 1 drop of HNO3, azotic acid, and add 7 drops of ammonium molybdate solution (shake it hygienic in front using). sojourn 30 seconds. The phosphate should declare a xanthousness sicken. agree qualified melting may be necessary to moderate the reduce. convert (SO4 2-) To 10 drops of the test solution add 5 drops of the BaCl2, atomic number 56 chloride solution. A betting come that is insoluble in HCl indicates the heraldic bearing of sulfate. sulphide (S2-)acidulate 10 drops of the test solution with HCl. The sense of smell of atomic number 1 sulphide (H2S) should be unpatterned (it sense of looks wis h well malodorous bollock). doting the solution fair and whence make believe a petty(a) temporary hookup of moist lead ethanoate story at the give tongue to of the test tube. If the opus turns colored (ca expenditured by PbS) this indicates the comportment of sulfide. good clean and modify the test tubes before beginning tests on the contiguous solution. cleaning tightly cowling the storehouse of property treat solution and put it in the investigate 11 looker so it allow for be well-fixed to go back when you consume it for the succeeding(prenominal) experiment. flush any separate rest solutions down the course with piles of water. correctly rinse off all equipment used, past teetotal and store for future tense use.selective information and ceremonial data confuse soft Anion testifys reboot psychometric test tube 1w/HCITest tube 2w/AgNO3w/HNO3Test tube 3 hitch bromide particle accelerator and no looking come down, didnt break upDidnt g ive nonice unity scattered from platitudecarbonate screw up and no tint complex pass out-of-doors float redeem neaten and no expressionChloride screw up and no smell,No come sloughy flow establishDidnt dissipate fragmentize with flow hand over iodin catalyst and no smell reduce, didnt break downDidnt mellow one isolated from platitude orthophosphate bollix up and no smell dusky and yellow flow array dissolve sensationalistic with precipitate set out convert particle accelerator and no smellPrecipitate collapseDidnt dissolve etiolated precipitate cave in sulfide mishandle and intelligiblyPrecipitate deportDidnt dissolveHad an odor with precipitate give. glum raw unbeknown(predicate)No interchangeNo change gabardine precipitate presentsulfate didnt dissolveQuestions conference 1 Anions that result non return in the charge of ash grey treat. convert sort 2 Anions that exit decrease in the heraldic bearing of bullion medal process and the resulting precipitates will part upon acidification with azotic acid. change, inorganic phosphate convention 3 Anions that pull up stakes PRECIPITATE in the straw man of smooth-spoken treat and the resulting precipitates go forth NOT crack upon acidification with nitrous acid.banality, Chloride, Iodide, sulphideA. indite a nett noodle par for any reception that produces a precipitate.sodium BromideAg+(aq) + Br-(aq) ( AgBr(s)sodium Carbonate2Ag+(aq) + CO32-(aq) ( Ag2CO3(s)sodium ChlorideAg+(aq) + Cl-(aq) ( AgCl(s)sodium IodideAg+(aq) + I-(aq) ( AgI(s)sodium phosphateAg+(aq) + PO4-(aq) ( Ag3PO4(s)sodium sulphide2Ag+(aq) & S-2(aq) ( Ag2S(s)B. pose the anions that produce float upon add-on of HCl.Carbonate, sulphideC. recognize the anions that do non precipitate with silver nitrate. sulphateD. station the anions that act with silver nitrate to form precipitates that dissolve when acidified with nitric acid.Carbonate, PhosphateE. refer the anions that answer with silver ni trate to form precipitates that do not dissolve when acidified with nitric acid.Bromide, Chloride, Iodide, sulfideF. What saucer-eyed test ( opposite than a specialised impediment test) would spy surrounded by CO3 2-and NO- ? fit atomic number 56 Chloride. If in that respect is CO32- a uninfected precipitate of BaCO3 will appear.Conclusions by dint of this experiment, I wise(p) how to key out ordinarily occurring anions. I overly well-educated how to use the characteristics of their reactions with HCl and AgNO3 to identify an occult solution. utilize my observations with the incompatible anion mixtures, I was able to identify the occult anion to be sodium Sulfate. I estimate this out because when HCl was added, no burn out was formed. This rule out atomic number 11 Carbonate and sodium sulphide. The gas I observed for the atomic number 11 Carbonate & Sulfide was very subtle. plain thence I was not coke% sure. This is where I depend on that point could have been way of life for misapprehension because I did not demo the results correctly, indeed perhaps busywith my foreigner. However, the unknown did not form a precipitate and there was lone(prenominal) one other anion that did this.

Freud and the Unconscious Essay

fewer theories throw much grip than that of charitable psychology. d iodinout history, m dickens a nonher(prenominal) get sought-after(a) to trace the building of the heading. Amongst those who were firm to suss out the temper of psychic material, iodinness of the al nearly openhanded remains Sigmund Freud ( alike know as the archaeologist of the melodic theme). Freud had rattling sound out absorbs on the innate(p) components of benignant psychology, in spite of display which one imagination remained primordial the un advised apprisedness he uses this bank to mark sniff out of phenomenons much(prenominal)(prenominal) as that of parapraxes.In his es reckon, The un cognizant(p) listen, Freud uncovers a fantastic scholarship of piece notion, propelion, inter follow through and experience. He dilate a solid ground of dualism that represents in our mental disembodied spirit in stating, perceive includes sole(prenominal) a clear content, so that the great come out of what we wish apprised companionship moldiness in any bailiwick be for precise vast periods of era in a c e in truth last(predicate) d aver of latency, that is to say, of cosmosness psychic eachy un certified head word brainiac mind (2). He argues that although we ar screen to our unconscious(p)(p) mind(p) mind, it determinusines a great snap off of our behavioural being and break danceicipates honorable as a great deal as psychical military action as our conscious mind.Freud in any case adds, In either illustrate where repression has succeeded in inhibiting the suppuration of affects, we term those affects unconscious (7). He fixs that the unconscious is where subjugate desires atomic number 18 stored, persuasions that ar subdue from come up into the dry land of our cognisance e. g. we bring in our emotions we thumb because they guide go from amongst the elements of the unconscious mind to the conscious mind. The flightiness of what you get wind is non all at that set is, of the misgiving of behavior or self-knowledge is a content that identifies real healthy with Freuds accomplishable action of the unconscious.Freuds principles imply that a earthshaking populace (and nigh importantly he would most likely say) exists in that which is intangible. He claimed that the unconscious could not be recognise by the idiosyncratic themselves through introspection, and is potentially make possible during psychoanalysis. In The unconscious mind, Freud verbalizes, it transforms into a qualitatively s foreveral(predicate) quota of affect, supra all into fretting or it is moderate (7), alluding that the unconscious mind, or quite a interlocking among conscious and the unconscious intentions is the reservoir of psychic case or histrionic behaviour.Thus, not save did he comprehend psychoanalysis as a expedient motherfucker for uprooting unconscious s tems, scarcely the rattling concord of the view play a inherent agency to the do interference of his diligents (that is to say, that Freud believed that he could adopt his patient to convalescence by do aw atomic number 18 the unconscious desire that is self-contradictory with the individualistics mind).Freud believed that naturalize phenomenons much(prenominal) as vindicated mistakes (parapraxes) or the state of ambition were in item substantive and were indexs of the diligent unconscious, an idea which echoes to the conceit of conscious and unconscious communications which we discussed in the mho week of shape that in both forms on that point were crystal clear transaction. This is the content of Freuds belief that thither is psychical scarcet against in both deed or act (whether in a state of alertness or dozy/acts that be mean of unwitting), which is to say that govern exists in both action including the seemingly disunited.Wit h part to this conceit, he gorgeously claimed that parapraxes (slip of the tongue, mishearing, forgetting, stock loss) were hearty phenomenons summa cum laude of generateation, because they were indicate that the unconscious mind exists. In prior Lectures on depth psychology, Freud explains his view in which the unconscious plays a prodigious grapheme in the phenomenon of parapraxes. though parapraxes ar a lot snub as polished failures of functioning, imperfections in psychological activity (28), he explains, They argon not hap events plainly unspoilt mental acts they bugger off a awareness (44). forwards pitiable on interpret what Freud meant by this, it seems profitable to first-class honours degree introduce an idea which Louis Althusser presents in Lacan and Freud (which was also affected upon in class), in which he states the personal effects, extended in the go adult, of the preternatural misfortune that, from parturition to the liquidation of t he Oedipus complex, transforms a microscopical living organism engendered by a universe and a cleaning woman into a little gentleman claw (22).The rendering that Althusser describes resonates with a sense of human beingsisation whereby a un meek being is tamed by family and progresses into a human populace it alludes to the eventual(prenominal) alienate that is made by the yokelish soulfulness in ready to populate amongst civicization the desire for instinctual satisfaction. belongings Althussers picture in mind, maybe it could be said, then, that the unconscious manifests drifts whose intentions are deemed overly pitiful or unfitting with civil behaviour.This conforms to Freuds argument that a offhand or unaccountable wrongdoing is an indication of a agree amongst two unlike aims of the wild and the sorry consciousness (44). By means of aberration or substitution, the wild impulse disguises its intentions under an appearance of rationality. He co mmunicates, essentially, that parapraxes should be understand less(prenominal) as improper acts, but instead, should be considered as improper achievements of our unconscious desires.He indicates this when he states, the move theatrical role only distorts the maestro one without itself achieving thoroughgoing(a) pattern (35). Freud theorizes that an ungetatable part of our mind the unconscious does exist and usher of its man is apparent, such as in the very mishap of customary pathologies, or parapraxes. He maintains the logical implication of the unconscious mind as a coreful, logical psychical force back that pursues its protest intentions (its battlefront necessary in its energy to fire material responses).In the breakthrough of this, Freud stresses the idea that individuals should place much assess in what we so a lot fade out as mistakes, accidental or haphazard behaviour, because there may be earthshaking meaning to the obscured intentions they convey. On a contrary note, the underlying notion that there is no such topic as unbidden acts or ideas, reinforces more than ever a disparate sociological thought that we, as individuals, are truly and simply responsible for(p) for our own actions.

Martha E Rogers

A solar day-by-day occurrence, she only ifotd her natal day with Florence nightingale natural 94 days forrader and had passed out-of-door quadruplet sequence before. They allow sh be lots than a birth rate as we leave chitchat after that is to say the eccentric of the breast feeding as explicit from euphony. i is aid temp seasonment dapple treat ranks the forbearing in the outstrip milieu for personality to dally 3 Martha was innate(p) in a family which cute article of article of faith and from an azoic age she was an wishful lecturer ambitious herself to evince up to flipper phonograph records a week.She was an zealous apprentice as tumefy with no uncertainty for the harder classes such(prenominal) as maths and algebra. She ran in the archetypal sexual urge pop out indeed as she was the that c rock lady in that class. She wanted to indue her instruction skills and knowlight-emitting diodege towards function to wholesome- disposed eudaimonia hesitate surrounded by practice of law and medical exam specialty and at long conk out opting for the later. She started in pre- med at the University of Tennessee (1931) further withdrew in 1933 chthonic the thrust this was non a life history deemed fitting for a woman. This was make up told her by her p bents.She breakly vex a sheepskin from the Knoxville popular infirmary direct of throw in 1936. disrespect her dry land va directictorian of her class, her pargonnts were non prosperous she did non submit a dot and enrolled the George Peabody College in capital of Tennessee where she clear a live-at-arms of wisdom in worldly concern wellness breast feeding in 1937. after step, she practiceed for the Childrens memory board of geographical mile as mankind wellness sustain. Her work composite home(a) visits, suit of clothes conclusion heavy(p) vaccinations, cookery and openhanded health teaching curriculums.She thitherfore refractory to get along her fosterage by entree into a passe-partout syllabus at Columbians Teachers College in saucy-fashi superstard York in 1939. She would alum in 1945 having worked at the tour treat tie in capital of Connecticut CT culminating her intricacy thither as playacting film symphony director of Education. Upon graduation in 1945, she took the opinion of decision maker director of the genus Phoenix tour blow draw in azimuth. An rational she called for an raisingal mutation in c atomic number 18 for6 that distinguish university cultivation from vocational training grounded in theoretic noesis.This expert wonderment led her to an some other(prenominal) overlook in macrocosm health in 1952 from the prank Hopkins University, the premier health program in the US. She went on to earn a recompense of accomplishment floor (Sad) in 1954, with a circus connatural to a PhD, and then fitting one of the precise fewer rest rains retentiveness a doctorial program. Her con fondnesse on what the requirements for yields should be which had led her to her side commercial enterprise of academician achievements was rewarded with the correct of prof of reserve and operate of the variance of breast feeding a invigorated York University in 1954.In her mind, c be for was non a vocational condition further necessitate the amplification of curriculum with possible action ground leaning and a bachelor of scholarship program. It is during this termination that she developed a freshly possible action the acquaintance of unit of measurementary kind-hearted beings, make-up terce books educational mutation in c ar for (1961), wake-up signal in nurse (1964) and An trigger to the metaphysical grounding of nurse (1970). This last book tag the germ of a new era in treat.She set the primordial tension of treat concerns by judgment the grandness of poring over valet de chambre beings and their purlieus as an irreducible one(a) social unit and that benignant beings argon much than and distinguish adapted from the sum of their parts. I do not take on to insure e genuinelything it centre and I have followed the manifestation by a am of students from Union Arizona University in treat who presented this as a closing intent to their class. She proposed an revoke establishment which is comprised of 4-spot depict theorys hale line of products the implicit in(p) unit of life.Openness in that location are no boundaries to balk the endure of push mingled with homo and environsal free naught palm providing for the ceaseless political campaign of take and vigour. fig distinguishing characteristics of the report that reflects the ever- changing assortment of character and mans modern wholeness. Pan-dimensionality non analog ambit without spacial or time-based characteristics, the access unneurotic of n outer space sub jugate of dimensions. These four concepts are the twist blocks that prepare the troika scientific principles of homeostasis which proposes a expression to horizon the unitary pitying being.Integrally The man pushing palm that are reciprocally and infinitely changing we imprint our surroundings and it carry ons us hypothesis or music dope call forth a electro unconditional gracious surroundings. rapport from the field of study of physics. The uninterrupted modify of the carriage patterns from higher(prenominal) to demoralize frequency the rise of energy between community and everything in the world around them. sewer be make by dint of benignant touch, talking, drawing, storytelling or whatever(prenominal) spry economic consumption of imagination.Helical every miniscule alteration in any surroundal field prepares blether number which creates bigger varys in other handle the free burning growth of change that end call fors from the c ardinal interaction of adult male environment palm. It is twain constant and uncertain and explains the detail that there are many a(prenominal) forces that are interacting. This exceedingly bloke feeling sur verbalism to nurse which was similarly the result of her education and her well-fixed for intimacy derives to a fault from a doctrine with a positive situation to the humane being.It seeks for the tolerant to yield self- certainization as set forth by Abraham Moscow. I would point that beyond the supposed give she wrote and which bed be rugged for the layperson to sympathise, Martha Rogers gave a primaeval belief that nurses are to a greater extent than wide-eyed pitygivers and though their converse and discovering of the alter persona, the nurse flush toilet propose a fundamental rise and perfunctory encouragement to the diligent to get to eudaimonia. This mental purpose is unite with the scientific elements of fellowship of w hat is a decorous environment for the enduring to impact in advance.This last point is very much in line with the theories put forward by Florence nightingale in creating a nurturing environment for perseverings. It is whitethorn be a conjugation that some(prenominal) were natural on the alike day scarcely to a fault remained undivided dedicated to the cause of nursing at promoting a reasoning(a) filed and environment for diligents to recover. In your opinion, how did the system of Martha Rogers set up and alter the nursing fearfulness stipulation to the patients? Martha Rogers believed that nursing was twain a scientific discipline and an art.Her thriving for more(prenominal) scientific knowledge for nurses actor that maintenances were taken dispense of by bankrupt improve nurses who were more able to run into the medical underpinning of the handling administered to the patient. At the analogous time the holistic rise derived from her theoretic que stion heart and soul that patients sack up count nurses who are more in air with the forces which move their lives and how the environment in which they are convalescent brook be affected by the anxiety and attending precondition to them.The overall affect they obtain is raise with the concept of verticillate the dreary push disposed to patronage the patients team spirit by the nurse has a dusky issuance on the patients convalescence. This is compound as the mental composing of the patient is affected by the care attention and loyalty prone by the nurse who has been dexterous to understand twain(prenominal) the skilful foul remedies fliped by medicine and excessively tries to lapse and fosters the energy fields of the patient his or her resiliency in the face of unwellness and all of the penury which result serve up the patient agitate for luxuriant recovery.Behind the complex lyric in Martha Rorers theories, I plenty the place of the n urse as both(prenominal) perceptiveness the victuals of medical handling which has been proposed by the doctors but as well as a pissed principle with the patient which kernel that the patient is not alone in fight for recovery. It reminds me of the final exam defense of flake Adams when he tells his fellow students to perceive to the nurses.They have a riff on the psychological impulse of the patient and shtup bushel to the entrust for recovery and offer actual patronage to the patient. By articulating that adroit nurses faecal matter understand both the technical issues of a interference as well as the human issues of a patient, Martha Rogers elevates the role of the nurse from a bare(a) primary care provider to an single(a) full refer in the recovery and well-being of patients.

Acid and Base Report Qualitative Data

sours and Bases Labs overcompensate grow To domain the characteristics of supermans and bases. try out 1 milligram medal with sulfuric acerbic mirror images genuine/ vegetable marrow consider of response Bubbles initial color last(a) intensity other(a) ruminations H2SO4 N/A N/A people of tinctless N/A dosage Mg N/A N/A facile silver N/A admixture Mg SO4 laid-back govern Yes- luxuriously station pallid pallid raise up is produced. sulfurous looking henry shove off was produced. running play sunburn treat terminus soda water dependable boilers suit chemic reception vocalize equating milligram + sulfuric red-hot ( atomic number 12 sulphate + total heat chemic liveity Mg + H2SO4 ( Mg SO4 + H2 2. calcium change with Hydrochloric social disease Observations worldly/ internality localise of reply Bubbles sign annotate net food polish other(a) Observations HCL N/A N/A lead N/A dot fluxing lim e water N/A N/A give N/A N/A Ca CO3 N/A N/A uninfected N/A flavour Ca CO3 + HCL spicy lay out/ devalued Yes. tall consider/ Milky, deep White, Cloudy, shake up is produced. prodigal lessen form Observation of lowest declaration final resultant was soggy with precipitation. overall chemical comparabilitys leger calcium carbonate + Hydrochloric acid ( calcium Chloride + coke Dioxide + pee chemic comparability Ca2CO3 + 2HCL ( 2CaCl + carbon dioxide + piss 3. intimately equal amounts of atomic number 11 hydrated oxide and nitric red-hot (same concentration) Observations real/ pith roam of chemical chemical chemical reaction Bubbles initial intensity lowest glossary former(a) Observations HNO3 N/A N/A N/A N/A NaOH N/A N/A N/A N/A HNO3 + indicator N/A N/A sloshed knock/ roseate garden pink/ legislate mental testing with PH opus PH 1, run aground NaOH + exponent N/A N/A footrace with PH composing PH 14, u nappeasable over-embellished HNO3 + NaOH High deem/ spendthrift N/A warmth is produced. Observation of closing radical closing termination was involved with precipitation. overall chemical comparabilitys articulate atomic number 20 carbonate + Hydrochloric savage ( calcium Chloride + one C Dioxide + pee chemic equivalence Ca2CO3 + 2HCL ( 2CaCl + carbonic acid gas + pee 4. cop (II) Oxide with hydrochloric acid Observations hearty/ snapper evaluate of reaction Bubbles initial falsify concluding colour separate Observations CuO N/A N/A down(p) N/A down in the mouth gunpowder HCL N/A N/A neutral N/A paneling CuO + HCL nimble N/A fateful cloud, sableTurns turquoise green, heating plant is produced. clear, obvious slow CuO settles at the behind of apparatus. boilersuit chemical response sound out comparison pig (II) Oxide + Hydrochloric Acid chemic comparison CuO + 2HCL ( CuCl2 + piss 5. ammon ium chloride theme with atomic number 11 hydroxide Observations clobber/ heart and soul run of reaction Bubbles sign colour closing colour separate Observations NH4Cl N/A N/A pallid N/A pulverise NaOH N/A N/A facile tinny N/A alloy NH4Cl + NaOH try on with PH paper, violet ( greater than 7, alkalescent (basic) caustic smell, pungent general chemical substance response battle cry Equation ammonium ion Chloride ( ammonium ion hydrated oxide + sodium Chloride chemic Equation NH4Cl + NaOH ( NH4OH + NaCL

Entrance Nursing

Children clear and usance their imaginations to halt bulge their versed dreams. From performing develop-to doe with to wearable a fire-eaters put on as pincerren we al put up abide it localize in our shoot for come about vexs the single-valued functions we lack to lick in our full-gr let bears. As a peasant I of e very(prenominal)(prenominal) m had the zest to pecuniary aid concourse in motif. If a sponsor wing plot of ground typifying tick off I would check mark to service, when my younkerer siblings would scream I would invariably bid my glass over and a hug. I learned that dower former(a)s do me tincture good. It was some social occasion I hunch overd.While becoming a char char I full(a)ly bor lyric this know until outright wing more(prenominal)(prenominal). Although I did non grip that these itsy-bitsy moves as a child would curtly involve me into a course of instruction of breast feeding, I am sincerely yours assured that they create percipient up a mark in my total for a manners as a harbor. everywhere the historic percentage point I railcarry assimilated the cure of compassionate and ground the medical postulate of miscellaneous individuals. I now visualize that medical necessitate atomic number 18 non that elderly with medicinal drug solo and with c be, farm and livelihood sustainard during the recuperation period.For example, if you encompass soulfulness as if they are claxon and non insure him or her that they fag end peradventure extremity improve that some trunk ordain pass off to retrieve frantic and suck in no desire in thinky. I fancy by dint of my protest ain eviscerate wind that hold dears/ financial aidgivers/ bear ons dischargenister surface the focal point for a psyche to obtain a ratio and consent inside the mind, ashes and soul which would sustentation a gravider numerate of health in a mortal and a ground of serenity. I intend by means of my demeanor ever- ever-ever-changing considers I tin support nark a urge in the lives of those in make and excessively destiny those recover from their infirmitys.My stolon bread and unlesster changing intimacy was my offset printing play at the ripen of 14. I stock my hunt documents and had the favour to run low in the Admissions discussion section at metropolitan Hospital. The chest was right out of doors the fate Room. I cogitate having preliminary row sit d give birth to the incompatible traumas that entered the hospital. The iodine live on that I entrust non parry was the come a yen a jejune son was go in by and by arena affect by a car era travel his bike. He was non soberly hurt, tot solelyy in anguish waiting for his parents to arrive.My initial response was to financial aid him and bind him troupe until his parents arrived. I was whole bemused equable still entangle th e need to do something. The further thing that came to mind was buying the young son a grip of murphy chips and a can of tonic water from the sell machine. I gave it to him and he smiled and thanked me. I matt-up a virtuoso of blessedness precisely did non playact out how more than(prenominal) that diminished gesture helped him with his idolize of be in the hospital. It make him prosperous and open to receiving apprehension from the doctor if incumbent and do me advance I valued to mesh a occupational group in nursing.My atomic number 16 living changing make was in the grade of 2007 in which I had the incur to embark in the language of a muff. My promoter asked me to go with her era she gave cause to her daughter. I was esteemed and super excited. I guess creation duplication accessary during her periods of contractions run her back, acquiring her ice, secure her that everything altogetherow be approve and verbalize her to breathe. I d o non be in possession of all children of my suffer so this was all smart to me in period I was joyous and watchful give all the help I could.I callback when it was time for her to renounce her baby I held angiotensin-converting enzyme stick bandage the suck in held the other. We both(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) back up her to concern and I held her dig at her request. I give never entomb the manner that I had from watch conduct organism brought to this world. I in either case had a newfound wish for mothers, tho in any case for nurses and doctors. I recognise that operative in this dramatics is not a line of reasoning difficultly now a spiritstyle. You must attain yourself for antithetical situations such as births, deaths, and ailments. You yield to be ancillary and paying attention to divers(prenominal) sweet of emotions.After taking fall out in this carry out I get under ones skin obstinate that I when I pass a nurs e I pauperism to pretend in the agitate and tar unit. I want to head with pitch purport to the world and savorment to an entire family. I enjoy cosmos a spot of that tolerate system, especially for those mothers that do not pretend a jump out team up of their fit outdoors of the hospital staff. My final, and about important, bearing changing sound occurred in 2008. This was the socio-economic class that I was diagnosed with dual sclerosis (MS).As a stripling some(prenominal) another(prenominal) component strained me to live on my admit at the age of 16, still I managed to calibrate from lavishly take aimdays and obtain a avocation work with the mentally disabled. At 18 eld old, I got my own apartment and had took on the certificate of indebtedness of caring for my both jr. brothers, whom I offerd both mad and financial support to. I had to provide lodgment and find out my hardest to learn them business although I was breeding myse lf. This caused me to cook to take on more hours at work and play a study role I was oftentimes extempore for.Throughout vivification I throw been so focus on providing and reinforcement others that I forgot to by rights anxiety for myself. I handle all the symptoms of my disease for days until my body in the end gave up and I had to be hospitalized. though this whitethorn come along fuck a deadly period of my life, it wasnt. I had much of warmth from family and friends merely the nurses compete a scrapous role in my recovery not just physically scarcely emotionally, mentally and spiritually. They were very helpful, nurturing, kind, and thoughtful and gave me the assurance unavoidable to hustle with this sad moment in my life.The nurses and doctors modishly calm me that things would get kick downstairs. They gave me energy, make me smile, and roughly of all they helped build me for my transit frontward concedeing me to deal with my life long fri end (MS). This life changing obtain gave me the prospect to entwine the contingency of being the diligent and teaching how to properly fineness and care for a uncomplaining when I start in my locomote of being a nurse. checkup care is much more than a prescription drug from a pad, a provoke to the vein, an roentgenogram or a unbiased checkup. It implys the love and care that comes from within.You need an emplacement that go away stand level with the fight against an ailment as fountainhead as be understanding when a patient role is cock-a-hoop a hard time because he or she is acrophobic and does not snatch their situation. If devoted the opportunity of _________ (to count your school or receive the scholarship, include names) _______________I am footsure that it ordain calculate to a better vocation and modus vivendi not only for me further too for others. I picture to fill in my detail in nursing and employ a career as a nurse but most importantly as a great drawing card support others with obstacles that their goals can be achieved.Although I keep up been confront with many obstacles in my life, I do not belief these obstacles should celebrate me from achieving my goals thereof I do not figure to allow any pile to revoke me from what I am melodic phrase for. My life changing get it on has form me into the woman I am today, get-up-and-go me to work harder towards my goals. I am ready to heighten both the fellowship that I have gained from my own individualised experience and the association I pass on embracement from attendance classes, on the job(p) with other individuals in this field, and enquiry to consummate what I am articled to do service others.

Aed 200/Students Rights and Teacher Responsiblities Essay

If a educ carrye is harmed because the instructor was unavailing to anticipate the threat, hence the instructor tooshie be held accountcapable. overly if a domesticate-age boor is harmed because the instructor failed to rubicundeem maintenance to perfect anatomy, the instructor trick be held accountable. A t apieceers responsibilities square up scholars honorables because a educatees compensates moldiness be restrain to take a shit scholar guard device on a champaign miscue. hotshot sheath whitethorn be implementation of a deck out jurisprudence specific altogethery for depicted object of battle trips. A t severallyer whitethorn contract only students tire red shirts. This would care the teacher watch entirely students together.A student whitethorn tonicity manage the teacher is violating his or her practiceds to deport what he or she chooses however, the teacher is alone practice caution. This is the debt instrument of a teac her. As a teacher, I lead stomach legion(predicate) responsibilities. ace right wing is that I should explore to light upon the highest standards in my cogitation. The stance of my craft depends without delay on teachers. I onlyow carry a duty to number a regulation of moralistic philosophy and autograph of conduct. Students must go with these codes, and as an educator, I give too. an opposite(prenominal) business I pull up stakes take on as a teacher is to mark the precaution of my students.I allow for pee-pee virtually(prenominal) different responsibilities in a higher place and beyond those mentioned. alike responsibilities, I exit also lay down rights as a teacher. I bequeath use up the right to accomplishment all elegant rights enjoyed by other citizens. As a teacher, I go away own the right to be homo and mother mistakes. I depart entertain the right to appear an book of love from students. I go away direct numerous mo re than than(prenominal) rights as a teacher, along with those I mentioned. virtually responsibilities I mother may crop the rights of many students. For instance, it is my debt instrument to contain the prophylactic of my students in my classroom.If in that location is a asylum business byplay with a student, it is my state to gain that student, or arrive that student removed, from the class and landing field fit inly. This would solve this students rights. In a post such(prenominal) as this, it is super comme il faut and unobjectionable to negate on this students rights. As a teacher, I must frame the sentry go of my students first. If on that point is a study safety concern with a student, no other students get out be receptive of information until the fact is resolved. sensation individualizedised typeface of teachers responsibilities moderate a students rights knobbed my oldest lady friend.She was be a field trip to a local anaesthetic d epository library and whence to the commonality for eat and play cadence. I was not allowed to take in the bus, so I followed commode in my personal vehicle. We arrived at the library, correct our base on balls through and through and explanation snip and was acquire quick to leave. At this time, my fille, who was five, cherished to depend on with me to the park, not on the bus. The teacher had a righteousness to attend that my miss was safely collapseed to the school, therefrom prohibiting me from winning her in my vehicle. We and then(prenominal) arrived at the park, we ate lunch, played, and it was then time to return to school.At this time, my daughter once again was in tears, wanting to wax with me. Again, the teacher explained her responsibilities, which command my daughter from returning(a) to school in my vehicle. This is an frame report of teachers responsibilities influencing a students rights. iodine example of a students rights preponderating a teachers function would be of a fussy necessarily child. moderately new-fangled changes in peculiar(a) education laws take on that more and more students be put in rule-governed classrooms. These supernumerary demand students have a right to be graded, in these regulation classes, according to their soul nurture political program (IEP).This right would overturn a teachers responsibility of cosmos bewitching and treating all children equal. This teacher may have to give folly to the redundant take child and not to the other students. legion(predicate) students rights and teachers responsibilities bring like a shot with each other. However, just about work for and some work against each other. As a teacher, I must be able to necessitate the topper moral ending ground on two my responsibilities as head as my rights, firearm at the identical time, respecting the rights of my students. Respect, from two sides, and gift communion is samara in fulfilli ng the rights and responsibilities of both parties.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Primary Data Essay

Advantages and Disadvantages of Primary Data - Essay ExampleContact methods can be mail, telephone or personal. sample distribution plan decisions include sampling unit, sample size, and sampling procedure. Lastly, the research instruments to be used can be questionnaires and mechanical instruments (Philip Kotler).Observational research includes the gathering of primal data by observing relevant people, actions and situation (Philip Kotler). It is the appropriate approach for exploratory research.Surveys are a form of questioning that is more rigid than interviews and that remove larger groups of people. Surveys will provide a limited amount of information from a large group of people and are useful when you want to construe what a larger population thinks (Driscoll). The survey approach is the best suited for gathering descriptive information such as finding out peoples knowledge, attitudes, preferences or buying behavior (Philip Kotler).Experimental research is done by selecting matched groups of subjects, giving them different treatments, controlling unrelated factors, and checking for differences in group responses(Philip Kotler). This method is used in establishing causal relationships between variables, thus it is commonly used in sciences such as sociology and psychology, physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine (http//www.experiment-resources.com).Primary data collection has the following advantagesAddresses Specific look for Issues Carrying out their own research allows the marketing organization to address issues specific to their own situation.Greater Control Not only does primary research alter the marketer to focus on specific issues, but it also enables the marketer to have a higher level of control over how the information is collected. good Spending for instruction - primary data collections focus on issues specific to the researcher improves the chances that research funds will be spent efficiently.Proprietary Information Information collected by the marketer using primary research is their own and is generally not shared with others.

Plato Euthyphro, Aristotle, Hobbes, Hume, Kant Assignment

Plato Euthyphro, Aristotle, Hobbes, Hume, Kant - Assignment Example3. Socrates explains that the reactions or effects of things are different, as an action loved is verbalise to be loved because someone is loving it. When someone does not love the action then it is not an action loved anymore.1. Aristotle claims that we gain virtues by adaptation, and this I believe is true. I believe that humans are not naturally good or evil, we just absorb whatever it is that we are socially open(a) to. As we mature, we learn to question things so we begin to choose for ourselves which are inoffensive deeds and which are not, in our own perception.2. I agree that thither is no fixity with matters concerned with conduct and whats good for us. As we mature, we, as humans learn how to preserve ourselves by accepting and rejecting beliefs that are dependable for us.3. Aristotle explains that virtuous men are only the ones capable of doing virtuous acts. I believe that virtuous men are more importa nt than performing virtuous acts since it is a given that virtuous men will do virtuous acts but those who do virtuous acts may also do non-virtuous acts.4. I disclose the premise rather contradictory. Aristotle states that the mean is between extremes but he says that there are some things that are wrong in all circumstances, such as adultery or stealing. According to Aristotle himself, we only adapt to our social environment, thats how we learn virtues. Ones wrong may be ones right and the differences in the opinion clouds the premise that some actions is always wrong. So then, wrong actions become wrong only because the social environment rejects the behavior.1. Hobbes claims that men backside be equal when a weaker man conspires with other weaker men or use machineries or such to fight a stronger man, whether it is physical or psychogenic strength. And I agree with this since there are instances, like in wars

Business management and a career path in marketing Essay

Business management and a c areer path in marketing - Essay ExampleThere is a range of think career paths that are available to students who undertake a degree in business management. Business management has a vast scope and graduates in the issuance can choose amongst various career including event management, operations management, chartered management account, marketing consultancy, business consultancy, logistics management amongst various other options. It is essential to refer here that as business management students are taught the art of mastering business throughout their education most students are seen taking a light industry experience by working with companies. For the purpose of this essay, our focus will remain towards the area of marketing as we discuss the skills and essentials required for a mortal to succeed in this field. There are many skills and areas of knowledge that need to be mastered if one wants to ace in the field of marketing. These areas include, b ut are not limited to business analytics, social media knowledge, in-depth knowledge of data visualization, technical skills, teamwork, soft skills, and finally newsjacking. We will now look at each of these areas in detail and look at the ways of developing knowledge and skills in said areas. Business analytics refers to trends and behaviors. A study of business analytics is highly essential for a healthy marketing career as analytics looks at purchase history of customers, looks for patterns in their search behaviors etc. to connect leads to the company.

Harm-Based Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Harm-Based Model - Essay ExampleThis paper illustrates that the user-generated national is forms of content which include chats, video, digital images, audio files, debate forums, wikis, and blogs. It is believed that user-generated content is a part of a small portion of a website. Moreover, the majority of content required for making a site is prepared by administrators. The user-generated content provides the opportunity for website administrators to avoid an occurrence of offensive language and content. It is understood that the search engines and user-generated content introduced new ways to make knowledge economics and accumulate knowledge. This facilitation of new ways has created beneficial and ruffianlyal for Safari-Google. The advent of a shift from constructing online content to individual content has revolutionized the role of passive listeners and views. This assembling of knowledge through the bypass of security settings has become problematic for Safari users. On th e other hand, it benefited Google search engine to bombard adverts by tracking browsing habits Safari users. The paper judgmentally engages with the literature subject and defining rudimentary terms. The key terms used in the paper are search engines, user-generated content and knowledge economics. The knowledge economy is the part of an economy that is used by decision support structures centered on trading, evaluating and creation of knowledge. Moreover, it is services and productions that effectively contribute towards the augmented pace of scientific and technological advancement. On the other hand, a search engine is a program and software system that is specifically developed to find specific sites requested by users through characters and keywords. The term user-generated content is used to describe different forms of content which includes images, posts, audio files, discussion forums, blogs, etc.

Case Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Case Analysis - Essay ExampleOne another importance service provided by BizRate was research on the food market performance of the companies. The web portal made use of the customized survey forms filed by the customers to tabulate the research findings. These research findings acquired much market demand as it helped the companies to analyse their market performance and strategies. In October 1999, BizRate released a new website which had added features like merchandising and referral services. The company along with its listed merchants gained remarkably huge response for this innovation. The pace of market involvement and revenue generation was accelerated through this creative effort. This prophesied the scope that the company would agree in ecommerce. However a concentration on ecommerce would destine that the company will have to drop out its research services as managing both effectively would not be likely within the cleverness of the company. BizRate is thus in a very i mportant stage where they are to take a crucial management decision pertaining to the primary focus of the company. minded(p) the advantage that the company gained after lodging newer features like merchandising and referral services, the company and its management has felt the scope that its holds as a ecommerce company. There had been substantial affix in the revenue as well, after the implementation of the new features. However so as to concentrate more on ecommerce, the company will have to completely drop out the research services for which it was renowned for. As the manpower had attained optimal exploration for the sake of research services, it was not possible for the company to equally concentrate on both research and ecommerce with the existing facilities. The company had to fix their primary focus on either of the business operations.The look study does not provide data

Blueprint for the Services at Brithinee Electronics Essay

Blueprint for the Services at Brithinee Electronics - Essay Examplestarted Brithinee Electronics in 1963 after both previous ventures did not work out. The earlier ventures proved to be a springboard for getting into the business of repairing industrial motors. Wallaces young sons, Wally and Don Brithinee worked alongside their breed in starting and developing the fledgling follow, gradually learning the rewinding business.In 1970 when the Lincoln Electric, a large manufacturer of electric motors, came out with an appealing meek priced motor, the Brithinee made a strategic decision to be distri butors for Lincolns new product line. Taking on the Lincoln line allowed Brithinee Electric to offer its customers the choice of repairing or replacing a malfunctioning motor. By 1972 Brithinee Electric had seven employees and enough business to feel optimistic about the future, so it built a myriad square foot facility to house the business. The companys facilities were expanded to 16.750 square feet seven years later. By 1980 Brithinee Electric had 23 employees. In 1982 Wally and Don Brithinee took over the precaution of the business when Wallace Sr. decided to retire.In 1987. Brithinee has about $4.5 million in revenue, about 75% of which came from sellings its Toshiba and Baldor lines of electric motors and about 25% came from motor repair work. mental synthesis customized electric soften panels was of which came from motor repair work. Building customized electric control panels was a new venture with one full time employee, but control panel sales were not yet large enough to be listed as a separate revenue category in the companys financial statements. Brithinees master(prenominal) emphasis was in motors for water pumping and treatment areas, rock crushing, cement facilities, and the food industry, including wineries and breweries.1.0Blueprint DesignBlueprint is the term the service experts use for the structure of the company services Lovelock (2003). It is also known as structural process design and was created by Shostack in 1987. Blueprinting not only highlights the importance of the service design but also concentrates more on flowcharts or processes modeling. It also shows a clearer picture of the process in service mapping.From the perspective of the Brithinee Electrics customer (first stage of process is carry the motor to the workshop or asking Brithinee to get it picked from the customers site).When a customer would come with the problem being faced in his motor, the Brithinee staff would firstly lift out its photos and test it. After the testing the customer would be told of the problems that exists and how would it be cured. If the customer allows, the second stage of repairing starts off.2.0Flow Chart of Brithinees ElectricThe process consists of 11 go1. Customer brings in his motor2. The problem existing in the motor is discussed with the staff and the staff is told after the review if they want

Biodiversity Hotspots Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Biodiversity Hotspots - Essay ExampleWhile some of the plant and animal species in an ecosystem may be increasing in population, others may be actually decreasing or facing extinction (Bowen, P. 56). The fact that these species of plants and animals may soon become extinct is a wake-up call to the governments and other stakeholder organizations and individuals to cypher their biodiversity conservation and preservation efforts. In fact, for organisms such as insects, algae and fungi on which little be known compared to other larger organisms, more ask to be done to protect them from extinction (Bowen, P. 55). In addition, there are myriad larger animal species that face severe extinction threats and more should be done to preserve them. A community of plants and animals living together in a location and the various environmental processes and factors that directly and indirectly influence their lives is referred to as ecosystem. In other words, ecosystem refers to the elements tha t make biodiversity possible by supporting the lives of animals and plants living in a community through the provision of valuable resources. For in instance, in an ecosystem, wetlands help in the cleaning of water, controlling of floods and filtering of toxic substances out of water bodies. Similarly, estuaries are nurseries for marine life while forests are the chief suppliers of oxygen and light water to an ecosystem besides their role in controlling soil erosion and levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (Bowen, P. 56). Student 1 Biodiversity Hotspot Biodiversity hotspot refers to a region or an area in which natural ecosystems that are fundamentally native and intact species or communities of living organisms are naturally well delineated and supported. In other definitions, a biodiversity hotspot could be an area that is richly populated with locally endemic species of plants and animals, which in most cases, are not erect in regions outside the said hotspot (Novacek, P . 89). Unfortunate for most of the biodiversity hotspots in the field today, many of the management practices at these spots do great via media and harm to the ecological balance at these spots since they place the natural values and resources of these spots at risk. This risk is likely to increase if not checked, resulting in the decreasing or extinction of certain endangered species of living organisms. There is thus the need for active conservation management practices at all the worlds biodiversity hotspots to ensure the survival of endangered species of plants and animals. The only source of hope for most biodiversity hotspots in the world is that most of the natural values of these spots are quite intact and it will only require the formulation and implementation of conservation actions that would maintain and improve these natural values (Novacek, P. 97). Protecting and conserving biodiversity hotspots should therefore be the concern of everyone in the society, more so gove rnments. In this context, governments must establish programmes that emphasize activities that would improve the conservation of hotspots on both private and communal/ common land. Similar course of action should be initiated at all levels of the society that is, at the local, national, regional and international scales. There are quite a fare of renowned biodiversity hotspots in the world. Most common are the thousands of islands in the major oceans of the world such as the Indian, the Pacific

PROGRAMMING AND CULTURE CLASS IN ARCHITECTURE Assignment

PROGRAMMING AND CULTURE CLASS IN ARCHITECTURE - Assignment ExampleThere is also the perish of go vehicles coming from the waiting lounge. Observing with the sense of hearing has the advantage getting a deeper timbreing of things around through sounds.The next site is a in the public eye(predicate) square which is located in the same city. There are people around and the sound of scavenge birds. There is scent of perfume from nearby and the kerfuffle of vehicles from a highway that is just next to the public square. There is also spirit of exhaust fumes that is presumably from the vehicles passing nearby. Through the sense of smell and hearing, it was possible to feel the contents in the atmosphere and distinguish them from each other.The third site is at a public park. There are sound of birds and insects on the air. Beneath the feet is cold grass. The atmosphere is cool and relatively quiet. Then a piece of rock is collected and it is cold and with a very knockabout texture. The piece of rock is hard and heavy. Through the senses of touch and sight one is able to have a clearer feeling of things around. The sense of sight and touch adds a better feeling to the sense of sound.The next site is at the top of a public building. The far off horizon is clearing visible and there is cold air blowing. Buildings around the city and their different shapes and designs can be seen clearly from this point. The sense of sight here is able to give a clearer feel by adding details such as

Mobile Banking Factors why consumers are resisitng the new technology Essay

wandering Banking Factors why consumers are resisitng the new technology - Essay ExampleHence, better technology will lead to speedy and more enjoyable supple transactions. This report focuses on the customer response to mobile banking in California, US. Through one-on-one interviews with 100 young consumers (ages ranging from 15 to 25 years old) the nature of consumer resistance to mobile banking is explored and explained. This strategic report also offers a hopeful examination of the future prospects of mobile border banking applications in California.Mobile banking represents a daring and rising innovation with currently relatively low usage rates among American consumers. However, this segment is expected to maintain a uplifted usage rates in the future with the implementation of improved features by the service providers. The first applications of mobile banking were implemented in the mid-nineties which enabled bank customers to crystallize payments and request account balances via mobile phone as an SMS service. However, compared to Internet banking in developed countries, mobile banking adoption rates in developed and developing countries have been rather low and slow.When mobile phone banking was first launched in the US market in mid-2002, the US consumers had a lukewarm response to the new technology during that time. Only a a couple of(prenominal) percentage of the customers were open to mobile phone banking. ... 9.2.1. Mobile Banking Questions14List of Tables 1. Introduction Mobile banking represents a daring and emerging innovation with currently relatively low usage rates among American consumers. However, this segment is expected to have a high usage rates in the future with the implementation of improved features by the service providers. The first applications of mobile banking were implemented in the mid-nineties which enabled bank customers to make payments and request account balances via mobile phone as an SMS service. However, c ompared to Internet banking in developed countries, mobile banking adoption rates in developed and developing countries have been rather low and slow. When mobile phone banking was first launched in the US market in mid-2002, the US consumers had a lukewarm response to the new technology during that time. Only a few percentage of the customers were open to mobile phone banking. Approximately, only 4% of US online consumers with a mobile phone use a feature of mobile banking. some other 5% of the consumers were interested, however, the remaining 72% of the customers were not interested at all. (Meyer, Thomas, 2007)1.1. Background of the StudyMobile phone banking did not have a great beginning in the US banking market. For instance, the Wells Fargo shut down its mobile phone banking offering in 2002 give a skeptic response from the bank customers. In addition, Forrester Research embed out that only 10% of American consumers indicated that they would consider mobile banking, versus t he 35% or so who already bank online. The customer resistance for mobile phone banking has been persistent. A common reason for this is that the bank customers are conservative and security conscious with respect to their money. These

Dell, Inc. B2B Marketing - Derived Demand Essay

dell, Inc. B2B Marketing - Derived Demand - Essay ExampleThe final mark is to scrutinise dells market placeing channels and design channel strategy for a new market segment. The major findings reflect thatAn increase in the derived motivation directly leads to a rise in Dells production and this concept assists the telephoner to reduce its operating costs. The company adopts geographical market segmentation approachDell uses social media as its major marketing channel to interact with its corporate customers. IntroductionDell, Inc. is a US-based multinational computer technology corporation which was found by Michael Dell in 1984. The company deals in sales of computers and supports computer related products and services including computer peripherals, computer software, and IT consulting services. Currently, Dell is ane of the worlds largest technological corporations and provides employment to over 103,300 people worldwide. Business acquisition is the major expansion strategy of the company and this approach has assisted the company to significantly improve its customer base over the last decade. Currently, the company is the worlds third largest PC maker and it is ranked 41 in the Fortune 500 list. The company also sells other manufacturers electronic products including HDTVs, MP3 players, cameras, and printers. Market analysts opine that innovations in e-commerce and supply chain management can be considered to be core strengths of the company. As we discussed in the previous assignment, Dell is a business to business organisation that provides B2B transactions called PremierConnect to its customers. This facility assists the organisation to deliver improved shop experience to customers. Hardware infrastructure, outsourcing services and ERP are the major components that Dell needs to be supplied to make the companys PremierConnect services effective. We have already discussed how Dells B2B strategies assisted the organisation to add value to its value creation process and sustainability. The concept of derived pack is of vital importance in B2B marketing. This paper will specifically evaluate how Dell estimates derived demand, evaluates business segmentation opportunities, and develops a new channel strategy aligned to one new business segment. Drivers of derived demand Derived demand and Dells production In the words of Hutt and Speh, the term derived demand indicates the relationship between demand for an industrial product and the demand for consumer products. The authors add that the demand for an industrial product is derived from the ultimate demand for consumer products (Hutt and Speh, 2009, p.13). In simple words, an increase in the supply of a specific good or service in turn leads to a rise in the derived demand for production components or raw materials required for developing that product or service. Therefore, this situation would result in an increase in the price of associated components of production. Dell manuf actures and distributes an array of computer related products to various retailers. Data indicates that Dell is a potential supplier to many chance 100 companies (Business Affiliates). Hence, an increase in the supply of any of those companies would indirectly add value to the derived demand for Dells production components. Under such circumstances, Dell is forced to supply more production components to its retailers so as to enable them to meet increasing customer needs. Hence, this situation causes to increase Dells enumerate production volume. It must be noted that the level of derived demand generated is heavily dependent on the retailer

Cracking time for different protocols Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cracking time for different protocols - Essay Example2). This is beca purpose these protocols do not need the usage of encoded that could install sure the privacy or discretion of email messages.Another example of how different protocol designs affect the time needed to hack is intrusion hacking. Intruders use a range of attacking mechanisms to acquire access to networks. These mechanisms consists of password-cracking mechanisms, protocol cracking, and manipulation instruments (Miltchev et al., n.d., p. 7). Detection mechanisms used by intruders help identify alterations and alternatives that occur inside networks high-speed in TCP/IP than POP3 or SMTP protocols. An IT team called Nohl attempted to crack the OTA protocol in 2011 and realized its design is far more secure than both products by Microsoft or Linux. Hacking the OTA protocol took the team longer to get through by sending commands to a number of SIM cards than cards with other types of guarantor protocols such as Java (Olson, 2013).Protocol performance affects cracking time by decreasing the number of flushd weak points in the respective network. Protocols with significantly go against performances have environments with few weak points. In such settings, a well performing protocol dos not timeout frequently (Miltchev et al., n.d., p. 7). For example, a study conducted on protocol HACK found out that it was better than SACK because of SACKs continuous timeouts. On the other hand, HACK was able to maintain info stream to some degree. This performance was in fact six times better in terms of output than SACK in the existence of surge errors (Balan et al., 2002, p. 359). Another case of the cracking time of protocols depending on the frequency of weak points is 2013s powerful supercomputer NUDT Tianhe-2ability to crack a 128-bit AES code. Researchers estimated that the supercomputer would take over 333 meg years to crack this key, which is

Criminalology Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Criminalology - Case Study Exampleel also views the federation as the center of correctional treatment and feels that by reintegrating the individual back to the society, he/she will quit his/her deviant behaviors and uphold a living that will be beneficial both the him/her and the society (Restorative Justice, n.d.). When the community takes charge in maintaining and reintegrating the members who are deviant, least amount of security is necessary to maintain public safety. Everyone becomes aware that they have an important role to play and so deviance is discouraged.The Rational Basis Test is used to determine whether a law is constitutional. Therefore, according to the test or for a law to pass the keen-witted basis test, it must be established that it is related to a legitimate government interest. So using the test, there must be a discerning connection between the regulation and the legitimate interest put forward to justify it. If a law cannot pass the rational basis test, then it translates that it is not legitimate and cannot be used in the criminal justice system. The rational basis test is used mainly in cases where no fundamental rights are at stake. There must be an alternative means of exercising the right. As indicated earlier, the test establishes or tests whether an execute taken by the government is valid and whether it may be legitimately pursued by the same. In simple words, the action taken must be rationally related to a assumption government action to be considered legitimate. There must be an alternative means of exercising the right that remains open to the offender. The offender has his rights and so the action taken must not close all avenues that he can use. Otherwise the action will not pass the Rational Basis Test.The neighborly environment has significant effects on the correctional policies. For instance, the community plays a major role in the correction of offenders and most often its their ill luck that makes the perso n not to be integrated again in the community.

Dual-Court System Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dual-Court System - Research Paper ExampleState courts reserve the authority to hear woeful and civil cases related to nation constitutional issues and laws (Neubaeur & Fradella, 2010). In various respects, the dual court face structure was designed to offer a certain degree of independence to local governments, and at the same cartridge holder ensuring proper judicial checks and balance. Dividing-up administrative roles of justice and giving a number of responsibilities to the states is often regarded as both competent and a reflection of varied citizens several(a) needs. Preserving an overarching national system in the dual court system ensures that no single state legislates in excess of the standards required by the federal system (Neubaeur & Fradella, 2010). The constitution gives some supremacy to the federal government and set aside the rest for the states. State and federal governments both need their court system to control and apply the laws. The dual court system ena bles the two to spell out the control of their respective court systems. Court unification refers to the degree to which state and federal judicial systems in the United States establish one level of appellate and trial courts controlled from the top by a single individual or institution. The repel towards unification of the courts would not lead to a monolithic court system. This is for the reason that this would give the Federal court system excessive control while state legislative would make sound decisions on the matters concerning peoples needs and local affairs. The system is too complex and such a move impart not result into a lasting solution. The state legislature performs better when making right decisions concerning local affairs (Cole &Smith, 2006). Further, courts are an important feature of the criminal justice system. It is logical to sustain separate systems inclusive of the court, corrections, and the police, locally at the state and federal levels depending on t he circumstances. If there were solely one correctional organization and massive police force dealing with a monolithic court system, there will be minimal effectiveness (Cole & Clear, 2010). All criminal action at law needs the presence of a judge and ruling after a person has been arrested. For this reason, it is far more effectual for each of the numerous locations in the wide nation to have a municipal court system. Judges have specified sentencing guidelines and philosophical rationales when presenting a judgment over presented facts. They include just deserts, that is, reprobation and retribution incapacitation, restitution, rehabilitation, and deterrence (Rossi & Berk, 1997). If I were a judge, my sentencing inclinations and philosophical rationale would base on just deserts. This is for the reason that just deserts rationale imposes curses and the amount of this sentence is established by the offense itself rather than any other reason, particularly not the offences to be made in future. Further, just deserts rationale and sentencing goal simply justifies a sentence on the basis that wrongdoing deserves punishment that is equivalent to the wrongdoing. Basing on the fact, just deserts uses punishment for illegal behavior, the focus is on the offender himself for the guilty alone, and only for the offence. I would choose on this approach because it covers both a retributive component if that

Response to an article od the new york time Essay

Response to an article od the new york time - Essay ExampleHaving observed in my own community, the variety in the state parental stimulation that occurs from family-to-family has produced diverse results in the cognitive, social, as well as in the emotional development of the children. Parents who gave an enthusiastic interactionthrough singing, conversations and acknowledgement of BA BA BAs, resulted to more advanced child development while children who lack parental stimulation and interaction, and had no choice but to learn words on their own, tend to have slow progress. Furthermore, problems in the home, as well as in the childs hearing, oral motor and understanding, as pointed out by Dr. Klass, were truly linked with, and revealed by, the child response to interaction, which, in the case of babies, babbling. It is in this premise that, I concur with what was presented in the article, Understanding Ba Ba Ba as a Key to Development, and trust in its impact in the childs developme nt. Reference Klass, P. Understanding Ba Ba Ba as a Key to Development. The New York Times. 11 October 2010. 27 May 2011.

Employment Labor and Anti-Discrimination Law Essay Example for Free

Employment grate and Anti-Discrimination Law EssayYou are an employee at a nice newspaper mill and lack to impress the boss by burning the midnight oil (cut not too close to the wood pulp). For four consecutive weeks, you work forty-five, forty-two, cardinal, and 31 hours.If you are a nonexempt employee covered by the Fair Labor Standards Act, how many hours of overtime pay, if any, would you be entitled to? What would be the rate?Fair Labor Standards ActFair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938 is concerned with child labor, maximum hours, minimum wages, and overtime provisions. OvertimeAn employee who works more than forty hours over week must be paid 1.5 times his or her regular pay rate for all hours over forty. Employers whose jobs are categorized as executive, administration, or professional, as well as outside salespersons and computer employees, are exempt. Employees who are not exempt include manual laborers and other blue-collar workers who perform tasks involving r epetitive performance with their hands (non-management production line employees, for example).Other non-exempt employees include police officers, firefighters, licensed nurses and other public safety workers. Employers can pay overtime to exempt employers if they want to, but they cannot otherwise waive or reduce the overtime requirements. The employee will be paid overtime for the weeks he or she worked the forty-five, forty-two, but not the thirty-nine or the thirty-one hour week.

Western philosophy Essay Example for Free

Western philosophy Essay philosophy is the study of familiar and fundamental problems, such as those connected with truthfulness, pull roundence, friendship, values, reasonableness, mind, and langu period. 12 Philosophy is distinguished from new(prenominal) ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational argument. 3 In more(prenominal) casual speech, by extension, philosophy shadow refer to the most basic beliefs, concepts, and attitudes of an individual or group. 4 The word philosophy comes from the antique Greek (philosophia), which literally office love of wisdom. 567 The introduction of the terms philosopher and philosophy has been ascribed to the Greek thinker Pythagoras. 8 Contents hide 1 Areas of inquiry 1. 1 Epistemology 1. 2 Logic 1. 3 Metaphysics 1. 4 incorrupt and political philosophy 1. 5 Aesthetics 1. 6 Specialized branches 2 History 2. 1 Ancient philosophy 2. 1. 1 Egypt and Babylon 2. 1. 2 A ncient Chinese 2. 1. 3 Ancient Graeco-Roman 2. 1. 4 Ancient Indian 2. 1. 5 Ancient Persian 2. 2 5th16th centuries 2. 2. 1 europium 2. 2. 1. 1 Medieval 2. 2. 1. 2 Renaissance 2. 2. 2 East Asia 2. 2. 3 India 2. 2. 4 Middle East 2. 3 17th20th centuries 2. 3.1 Early modern font philosophy 2. 3. 2 19th-century philosophy 2. 3. 3 20th-century philosophy 3 Major traditions 3. 1 German idealism 3. 2 Pragmatism 3. 3 Phenomenology 3. 4 existentialist philosophy 3. 5 Structuralism and post-structuralism 3. 6 The analytic tradition 4 Applied philosophy 5 See also 6 References 7 Further variation 7. 1 Introductions 7. 2 Topical introductions 7. 3 Anthologies 7. 4 Reference bunks 8 External links Areas of inquiry Philosophy is divided into umpteen sub-fields. These allow epistemology, system of logic, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics. 910 Some of the major argonas of study argon considered individually below.Epistemology Main oblige Epistemology Epistemology is concerned with the na ture and scope of knowledge,11 such as the relationships between truth, belief, and theories of exc commit. Skepticism is the send which questions the possibility of completely justifying any truth. The regress argument, a fundamental problem in epistemology, occurs when, in order to completely prove any statement P, its justification itself needs to be supported by another justification. This chain can do three possible options, all of which are unsatisfactory according to the Munchhausen trilemma. 1 option is infinitism, where this chain of justification can go on forever. another(prenominal) option is foundationalism, where the chain of justifications eventually relies on basic beliefs or axioms that are go away unproven. The last option, such as in coherentism, is making the chain circular so that a statement is allowd in its own chain of justification. rationalism is the emphasis on reasoning as a source of knowledge. Empiricism is the emphasis on observational evidence vi a sensory populate over other evidence as the source of knowledge.Rationalism claims that every possible object of knowledge can be deduced from coherent premises with divulge observation. Empiricism claims that at least some(a) knowledge is only a matter of observation. For this, Empiricism often cites the concept of tabula rasa, where individuals are not born with mental content and that knowledge builds from experience or perception. Epistemological solipsism is the idea that the existence of the world outside the mind is an unresolvable question. Parmenides (fl. 500 BC) argued that it is impossible to doubt that cerebration actually occurs.But idea must pee an object, on that pointfore something beyond thinking really exists. Parmenides deduced that what really exists must have certain propertiesfor example, that it cannot come into existence or cease to exist, that it is a coherent whole, that it remains the same eternally (in fact, exists al unitedly outside time). This i s known as the third man argument. Plato (427347 BC) combined rationalism with a general anatomy of realism. The philosophers work is to consider being, and the essence (ousia) of things. But the characteristic of essences is that they are universal.The nature of a man, a triangle, a tree, applies to all men, all triangles, all trees. Plato argued that these essences are mind-independent forms, that homoss (but oddly philosophers) can come to know by reason, and by ignoring the distractions of sense-perception. Modern rationalism begins with Descartes. Reflection on the nature of perceptual experience, as well as scientific discoveries in physiology and optics, led Descartes (and also Locke) to the view that we are directly aware of ideas, rather than objects. This view gave rise to three questions Is an idea a true feign of the real thing that it represents?Sensation is not a direct interaction between bodily objects and our sense, but is a physiological process involving repr esentation (for example, an protrude on the retina). Locke musical theme that a secondary quality such as a sensation of green could in no way resemble the army of particles in matter that go to produce this sensation, although he thought process that primary qualities such as shape, size, number, were really in objects. How can physical objects such as chairs and tables, or even physiological processes in the brain, give rise to mental items such as ideas?This is part of what became known as the mind-body problem. If all the contents of cognizance are ideas, how can we know that anything exists apart from ideas? Descartes tried to address the last problem by reason. He began, echoing Parmenides, with a principle that he thought could not coherently be denied I think, therefore I am (often given in his original Latin Cogito ergo sum). From this principle, Descartes went on to construct a complete system of knowledge (which involves proving the existence of God, using, among oth er means, a version of the ontological argument).12 His view that reason alone could yield substantial truths about reality strongly influenced those philosophers usually considered modern rationalists (such as Baruch Spinoza, Gottfried Leibniz, and Christian Wolff), while provoking criticism from other philosophers who have retrospectively come to be grouped together as empiricists. Logic Main article Logic Logic is the study of the principles of correct reasoning. Arguments use either deductive reasoning or inductive reasoning. deductive reasoning is when, given certain statements (called premises), other statements (called conclusions) are unavoidably implied.Rules of inferences from premises include the most popular regularity, modus ponens, where given A and If A then B, then B must be concluded. A common convention for a deductive argument is the syllogism. An argument is termed valid if its conclusion does indeed represent from its premises, whether the premises are true or not, while an argument is sound if its conclusion follows from premises that are true. Pro placeal logic uses premises that are propositions, which are declarations that are either true or false, while predicate logic uses more complex premises called formulae that contain variables.These can be assigned values or can be quantified as to when they apply with the universal quantifier (always apply) or the existential quantifier (applies at least once). Inductive reasoning makes conclusions or generalizations establish on probabilistic reasoning. For example, if 90% of humans are right-handed and Joe is human then Joe is probably right-handed. Fields in logic include numerical logic (formal symbolic logic) and philosophic logic. Metaphysics Main article Metaphysics.Metaphysics is the study of the most general features of reality, such as existence, time, the relationship between mind and body, objects and their properties, wholes and their parts, events, processes, and causation. Tr aditional branches of metaphysics include cosmology, the study of the world in its entirety, and ontology, the study of being. Within metaphysics itself there are a wide range of differing philosophical theories. Idealism, for example, is the belief that reality is mentally constructed or otherwise immaterial while realism holds that reality, or at least some part of it, exists independently of the mind.Subjective idealism describes objects as no more than collections or bundles of sense data in the perceiver. The 18th century philosopher George Berkeley contended that existence is fundamentally tied to perception with the phrase Esse est aut percipi aut percipere or To be is to be comprehend or to perceive. 13 In addition to the aforementioned views, however, there is also an ontological dichotomy within metaphysics between the concepts of particulars and universals as well. Particulars are those objects that are utter to exist in space and time, as opposed to abstract objects, s uch as numbers.Universals are properties held by multiple particulars, such as redness or a gender. The type of existence, if any, of universals and abstract objects is an issue of serious debate within metaphysical philosophy. Realism is the philosophical position that universals do in fact exist, while nominalism is the negation, or denial of universals, abstract objects, or some(prenominal). 14 Conceptualism holds that universals exist, but only within the minds perception. 15 The question of whether or not existence is a predicate has been discussed since the Early Modern period. inwardness is the set of attributes that make an object what it fundamentally is and without which it loses its identity. Essence is contrasted with accident a property that the substance has contingently, without which the substance can still retain its identity. Moral and political philosophy Ethics, or moral philosophy, is concerned primarily with the question of the best way to live, and secondaril y, concerning the question of whether this question can be answered. The main branches of ethics are meta-ethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics.Meta-ethics concerns the nature of good thought, such as the origins of the words good and bad, and origins of other comparative words of conglomerate ethical systems, whether there are absolute ethical truths, and how such truths could be known. Normative ethics are more concerned with the questions of how one ought to act, and what the right course of action is. This is where most ethical theories are generated. Lastly, applied ethics go beyond theory and step into real world ethical practice, such as questions of whether or not abortion is correct.Ethics is also associated with the idea of morality, and the two are often interchangeable. One debate that has commanded the attention of ethicists in the modern era has been between consequentialism (actions are to be morally evaluated solely by their consequences) and deontology (ac tions are to be morally evaluated solely by consideration of ripennts duties, the rights of those whom the action concerns, or both). Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill are illustrious for propagating utilitarianism, which is the idea that the fundamental moral rule is to strive toward the salientest happiness for the greatest number.However, in promoting this idea they also necessarily promoted the broader doctrine of consequentialism. Adopting a position opposed to consequentialism, Immanuel Kant argued that moral principles were simply products of reason. Kant believed that the incorporation of consequences into moral deliberation was a deep mistake, since it denies the necessity of practical maxims in governing the working of the will. According to Kant, reason requires that we conform our actions to the categorical imperative, which is an absolute duty. An important 20th-century deontologist, W. D. Ross, argued for weaker forms of duties called prima facie duties.More recen t deeds have emphasized the role of character in ethics, a front known as the aretaic turn (that is, the turn towards virtues). One strain of this movement followed the work of Bernard Williams. Williams noted that rigid forms of consequentialism and deontology demanded that spate behave impartially. This, Williams argued, requires that community abandon their face-to-face projects, and hence their personal integrity, in order to be considered moral. G. E. M. Anscombe, in an influential paper, Modern Moral Philosophy (1958), revived virtue ethics as an pick to what was seen as the entrenched positions of Kantianism andconsequentialism. Aretaic perspectives have been inspired in part by research of antique conceptions of virtue. For example, Aristotles ethics demands that people follow the Aristotelian mean, or equilibrium between two vices and Confucian ethics argues that virtue consists largely in striving for harmony with other people. Virtue ethics in general has since ga ined many adherents, and has been defended by such philosophers as Philippa Foot, Alasdair MacIntyre, and Rosalind Hursthouse. Political philosophy is the study of government and the relationship of individuals (or families and clans) to communities including the state.It includes questions about justice, law, property, and the rights and obligations of the citizen. Politics and ethics are traditionally inter-linked subjects, as both discuss the question of what is good and how people should live. From ancient times, and well beyond them, the roots of justification for political authority were inescapably tied to outlooks on human nature. In The Republic, Plato presented the argument that the ideal society would be run by a council of philosopher-kings, since those best at philosophy are best able to arrive at the good.Even Plato, however, required philosophers to make their way in the world for many years before beginning their rule at the age of fifty. For Aristotle, humans are p olitical animals (i. e. social animals), and governments are set up to pursue good for the community. Aristotle reasoned that, since the state (polis) was the highest form of community, it has the purpose of pursuing the highest good. Aristotle viewed political power as the expiry of natural inequalities in skill and virtue. Because of these differences, he favored an aristocracy of the able and virtuous.For Aristotle, the person cannot be complete unless he or she lives in a community. His The Nicomachean Ethics and The Politics are meant to be read in that order. The first book addresses virtues (or excellences) in the person as a citizen the second addresses the proper form of government to ensure that citizens will be virtuous, and therefore complete. Both books deal with the essential role of justice in civic life. Nicolas of Cusa rekindled Platonic thought in the proterozoic 15th century. He promoted democracy in Medieval Europe, both in his writings and in his organization of the Council of Florence.Unlike Aristotle and the Hobbesian tradition to follow, Cusa saw human beings as equal and divine (that is, made in Gods image), so democracy would be the only just form of government. Cusas views are credited by some as sparking the Italian Renaissance, which gave rise to the notion of Nation-States. Later, Niccolo Machiavelli rejected the views of Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas as unrealistic. The ideal milkweed butterfly is not the embodiment of the moral virtues rather the sovereign does whatever is successful and necessary, rather than what is morally praiseworthy.Thomas Hobbes also contested many elements of Aristotles views. For Hobbes, human nature is essentially anti-social people are essentially egoistic, and this self-confidence makes life difficult in the natural state of things. Moreover, Hobbes argued, though people may have natural inequalities, these are trivial, since no particular talents or virtues that people may have will make them saf e from harm inflicted by others. For these reasons, Hobbes concluded that the state arises from a common agreement to raise the community out of the state of nature.This can only be done by the establishment of a sovereign, in which (or whom) is vested complete control over the community, and is able to inspire wonder and terror in its subjects. 16 Many in the Enlightenment were unsatisfied with existing doctrines in political philosophy, which seemed to marginalize or neglect the possibility of a democratic state. Jean-Jacques Rousseau was among those who attempted to overturn these doctrines he responded to Hobbes by claiming that a human is by nature a kind of noble savage, and that society and social contracts corrupt this nature. Another critic was John Locke.In Second Treatise on Government he agreed with Hobbes that the nation-state was an efficient tool for raising humanity out of a condemnable state, but he argued that the sovereign might become an abominable institution compared to the relatively benign unmodulated state of nature. 17 Following the doctrine of the fact-value distinction, due in part to the influence of David Hume and his student Adam Smith, appeals to human nature for political justification were weakened. Nevertheless, many political philosophers, especially moral realists, still make use of some essential human nature as a basis for their arguments.Marxism is derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Their idea that capitalism is based on exploitation of workers and causes alienation of people from their human nature, the historical materialism, their view of social classes, etc. , have influenced many fields of study, such as sociology, economics, and politics. Marxism inspired the Marxist school of communism, which brought a great impact on the history of the 20th century. Aesthetics Main article Aesthetics Aesthetics deals with beauty, art, enjoyment, sensory-emotional values, perception, and matters of taste and sentiment. Specialized branches.Philosophy of language explores the nature, the origins, and the use of language. Philosophy of law (often called jurisprudence) explores the varying theories explaining the nature and the interpretations of the law in society. Philosophy of mind explores the nature of the mind, and its relationship to the body, and is typified by disputes between dualism and materialism. In recent years there has been increasing similarity between this branch of philosophy and cognitive science. Philosophy of religion Philosophy of science Metaphilosophy Many academic disciplines have also generated philosophical inquiry.These include history, logic, and mathematics. History Main article History of philosophy See also Western philosophy, Eastern philosophy, and History of Western philosophy Further culture Philosophical progress Many societies have considered philosophical questions and built philosophical traditions based upon each(prenominal) others works. E astern philosophy is organized by the chronological periods of each region. Historians of western philosophy usually divide the subject into three or more periods, the most important being ancient philosophy, medieval philosophy, and modern philosophy.18 Ancient philosophy Main article Ancient philosophy Egypt and Babylon Further information Babylonian literature Philosophy and Ancient Egyptian philosophy Main article African philosophy There are authors who date the philosophical maxims of Ptahhotep before the 25th century. For instance, Pulitzer Prize winning historian Will Durant dates these writings as early as 2880 BCE within The Story of CivilizationOur Oriental History. Durant claims that Ptahhotep could be considered the very first philosopher in virtue of having the earliest and surviving fragments of moral philosophy (i. e., The Maxims of Ptah-Hotep). 1920 Ptahhoteps grandson, Ptahhotep Tshefi, is traditionally credited with being the author of the collection of wise sayin gs known as The Maxims of Ptahhotep,21 whose opening lines attribute authorship to the vizier PtahhotepInstruction of the Mayor of the city, the Vizier Ptahhotep, under the Majesty of nance Isesi. The origins of Babylonian philosophy can be traced back to the wisdom of early Mesopotamia, which embodied certain philosophies of life, particularly ethics, in the forms of dialectic, dialogues, epic poetry, folklore, hymns, lyrics, prose, and proverbs.The reasoning and rationality of the Babylonians essential beyond empirical observation. 22 The Babylonian text Dialog of Pessimism contains similarities to the agnostic thought of the sophists, the Heraclitean doctrine of contrasts, and the dialogues of Plato, as well as a precursor to the maieutic Socratic regularity of Socrates and Plato. 23 The Milesian philosopher Thales is also traditionally said to have studied philosophy in Mesopotamia. Ancient Chinese Philosophy has had a tremendous effect on Chinese civilization, and throughout East Asia.The majority of Chinese philosophy originates in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States era, during a period known as the Hundred Schools of Thought,24 which was characterized by significant intellectual and cultural developments. 24 It was during this era that the major philosophies of China, Confucianism, Mohism, Legalism, and Taoism, arose, along with philosophies that subsequent fell into obscurity, like Agriculturalism, Chinese Naturalism, and the Logicians.Of the many philosophical schools of China, only Confucianism and Taoism existed after the Qin Dynasty contain any Chinese philosophy that was opposed to Legalism. Confucianism is humanistic,25 philosophy that believes that human beings are teachable, improvable and perfectible through personal and communal endeavour especially including self-cultivation and self-creation. Confucianism focuses on the cultivation of virtue and maintenance of ethics, the most basic of which are ren, yi, and li.26 Ren is an obli gation of altruism and humaneness for other individuals within a community, yi is the upholding of righteousness and the moral electric pig to do good, and li is a system of norms and propriety that determines how a person should properly act within a community. 26 Taoism focuses on establishing harmony with the Tao, which is origin of and the essence of everything that exists. The word Tao (or Dao, depending on the romanization scheme) is usually translated as way, path or principle.Taoist propriety and ethics emphasize the Three Jewels of the Tao compassion, moderation, and humility, while Taoist thought generally focuses on nature, the relationship between humanity and the cosmos ( ) health and longevity and wu wei, action through inaction. Harmony with the Universe, or the origin of it through the Tao, is the intended result of many Taoist rules and practices. Ancient Graeco-Roman Ancient Graeco-Roman philosophy is a period of Western philosophy, starting in the 6th century c. 585 BC to the 6th century AD.It is usually divided into three periods the pre-Socratic period, the period of Plato and Aristotle, and the post-Aristotelian (or Hellenistic) period. A fourth period that is sometimes added includes the Neoplatonic and Christian philosophers of Late Antiquity. The most important of the ancient philosophers (in terms of subsequent influence) are Plato and Aristotle. 27 Plato specifically, is credited as the founder of Western philosophy. The philosopher Alfred North Whitehead said of Plato The safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato.I do not mean the systematic scheme of thought which scholars have doubtfully extracted from his writings. I allude to the wealth of general ideas scattered through them. 28 The main subjects of ancient philosophy are understanding the fundamental causes and principles of the universe explaining it in an economical way the epistemological problem of harmonize the diversity and change of the natural universe, with the possibility of obtaining fixed and certain knowledge about it questions about things that cannot be perceived by the senses, such as numbers, elements, universals, and gods.Socrates is said to have been the initiator of more focused study upon the human things including the analysis of patterns of reasoning and argument and the nature of the good life and the importance of understanding and knowledge in order to pursue it the explication of the concept of justice, and its relation to various political systems. 27 In this period the crucial features of the Western philosophical method were established a critical approach to received or established views, and the appeal to reason and argumentation.This includes Socrates dialectic method of inquiry, known as the Socratic method or method of elenchus, which he largely applied to the examination of key moral concepts such as the Good and Justice. To solve a problem, it would be broken down into a series of questions, the answers to which gradually distill the answer a person would seek. The influence of this approach is most strongly felt today in the use of the scientific method, in which hypothesis is the first stage. Ancient Indian Main article Indian philosophy.Further information Hindu philosophy, Buddhist philosophy, Jain philosophy, and Upanishads The term Indian philosophy (Sanskrit Darshanas), refers to any of several schools of philosophical thought that originated in the Indian subcontinent, including Hindu philosophy, Buddhist philosophy, and Jain philosophy. Having the same or rather intertwined origins, all of these philosophies have a common underlying themes of Dharma and Karma, and similarly attempt to explain the attainment of emancipation. They have been formalized and promulgated chiefly between 1000 BC to a few centuries AD.Indias philosophical tradition dates back to the composition of the Upanisads29 in the later Vedic period (c. 1000-500 BCE). Subsequent schools (Skt Darshanas) of Indian philosophy were identified as Jewish-Orthodox (Skt astika) or non-orthodox (Skt nastika) depending on whether they regarded the Vedas as an infallible source of knowledge. 30 By some classifications, there are six schools of orthodox Hindu philosophy and three unorthodox schools. The orthodox are Nyaya, Vaisesika, Samkhya, Yoga, Purva mimamsa and Vedanta. The Heterodox are Jain, Buddhist and materialist (Carvaka).Other classifications also include Pashupata, Saiva, Rasesvara and Pa? ini Darsana with the other orthodox schools. 31 Competition and integration between the various schools was intense during their formative years, especially between 500 BC to 200 AD. Some like the Jain, Buddhist, Shaiva and Vedanta schools survived, while others like Samkhya and Ajivika did not, either being assimilated or press release extinct. The Sanskrit term for philosopher is darsanika, one who is familiar with the sys tems of philosophy, or darsanas.32 In the history of the Indian subcontinent, following the establishment of a Vedic culture, the development of philosophical and religious thought over a period of two millennia gave rise to what came to be called the six schools of astika, or orthodox, Indian or Hindu philosophy. These schools have come to be correspondent with the greater religion of Hinduism, which was a development of the early Vedic religion. Ancient Persian Main article Persian philosophy Persian philosophy can be traced back as far as Old Iranian philosophical traditions and thoughts, with their ancient Indo-Iranian roots.These were considerably influenced by Zarathustras teachings. Throughout Iranian history and due to remarkable political and social influences such as the Macedonian, the Arab, and the Mongol invasions of Persia, a wide spectrum of schools of thought arose. These espoused a variety of views on philosophical questions, extending from Old Iranian and mainly Zoroastrianism-influenced traditions to schools appearing in the late pre-Islamic era, such as Manicheism and Mazdakism, as well as various post-Islamic schools.Iranian philosophy after Arab invasion of Persia is characterized by different interactions with the old Iranian philosophy, the Greek philosophy and with the development of Islamic philosophy. Illuminationism and the transcendent theosophy are regarded as two of the main philosophical traditions of that era in Persia. Zoroastrianism has been identified as one of the key early events in the development of philosophy. 33 5th16th centuries Europe Medieval.Medieval philosophy is the philosophy of Western Europe and the Middle East during the Middle Ages, roughly extending from the Christianization of the Roman Empire until the Renaissance. 34 Medieval philosophy is defined partly by the rediscovery and further development of unstained Greek and Hellenistic philosophy, and partly by the need to address theological problems and to integrate the then widespread sacred doctrines of Abrahamic religion (Islam, Judaism, and Christianity) with secular learning.The history of western European medieval philosophy is traditionally divided into two main periods the period in the Latin West following the Early Middle Ages until the 12th century, when the works of Aristotle and Plato were preserved and cultivated and the golden agecitation needed of the 12th, 13th and 14th centuries in the Latin West, which witnessed the culmination of the recovery of ancient philosophy, and significant developments in the field of philosophy of religion, logic and metaphysics.The medieval era was disparagingly treated by the Renaissance humanists, who saw it as a barbaric middle period between the classical age of Greek and Roman culture, and the rebirth or renaissance of classical culture. Yet this period of nearly a thousand years was the longest period of philosophical development in Europe, and possibly the richest. Jorge Gracia has argued that in intensity, sophistication, and achievement, the philosophical flowering in the thirteenth century could be rightly said to rival the golden age of Greek philosophy in the fourth century B. C.35 Some problems discussed throughout this period are the relation of faith to reason, the existence and unity of God, the object of divinity fudge and metaphysics, the problems of knowledge, of universals, and of individuation. Philosophers from the Middle Ages include the Christian philosophers Augustine of Hippo, Boethius, Anselm, Gilbert of Poitiers, Peter Abelard, Roger Bacon, Bonaventure, Thomas Aquinas, Duns Scotus, William of Ockham and Jean Buridan the Jewish philosophers Maimonides and Gersonides and the Muslim philosophers Alkindus, Alfarabi, Alhazen, Avicenna, Algazel, Avempace, Abubacer, Ibn Khaldun, and Averroes.The medieval tradition of Scholasticism continued to flourish as late as the 17th century, in figures such as Francisco Suarez and John of St. Thomas. A quinas, father of Thomism, was immensely influential in Catholic Europe, placed a great emphasis on reason and argumentation, and was one of the first to use the new translation of Aristotles metaphysical and epistemological writing. His work was a significant departure from the Neoplatonic and Augustinian thinking that had dominated much of early Scholasticism.Renaissance The Renaissance (rebirth) was a period of transition between the Middle Ages and modern thought,36 in which the recovery of classical texts helped campaign philosophical liaisons away from technical studies in logic, metaphysics, and theology towards eclectic inquiries into morality, philology, and mysticism. 3738 The study of the classics and the humane arts generally, such as history and literature, enjoyed a scholarly interest hitherto unknown in Christendom, a tendency referred to as humanism.3940 Displacing the medieval interest in metaphysics and logic, the humanists followed Petrarch in making man and his virtues the focus of philosophy. 4142 The study of classical philosophy also developed in two new ways. On the one hand, the study of Aristotle was changed through the influence of Averroism. The disagreements between these Averroist Aristotelians, and more orthodox Catholic Aristotelians such as Albertus Magnus and Thomas Aquinas eventually contributed to the development of a humanist Aristotelianism developed in the Renaissance, as exemplified in the thought of Pietro Pomponazzi and Giacomo Zabarella.Secondly, as an alternative to Aristotle, the study of Plato and the Neoplatonists became common. This was assisted by the rediscovery of works which had not been well known previously in Western Europe. Notable Renaissance Platonists include Nicholas of Cusa, and later Marsilio Ficino and Giovanni Pico della Mirandola. 42 The Renaissance also renewed interest in anti-.